The effects of Bi/Ta and Sr/Ta mole ratios on ferroelectric properties of Sr
x
Bi
y
Ta2O
z
[ SBIT(x/y/2.0); 0.7≤x≤1.0, 2.0≤y≤2.6] thin-film capacitors were investigated. The SBIT films were grown by the sol-gel method using a spin-on coating on Pt/Ta/SiO2/Si and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The films were annealed at 800° C for one hour in oxygen atmosphere. Remanent polarization (Pr) depended strongly on the Sr/Ta mole ratio, and increased with decrease of the Sr/Ta mole ratio. On the other hand, Pr was almost independent of the Bi/Ta mole ratio. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that crystal grains grew with decrease of the Sr/Ta mole ratio. Electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) analysis revealed that Bi content in SBIT films increased with decrease in Sr composition from stoichiometry.
We propose a method to calculate percolation thresholds pE and their error bars Apc of two-dimensional (2D) lattices. The characteristic feature of our method is an efficient extraction of information from the results of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We apply this method to some ZD systems such as a square, KagomC and dice lattice, Penrose tiling and a Penrose dual lattice. Our method enables us to estimate thresholds very accurately even when we use the MC data obtained from fairly small sizes. For instance, we achieve three significant figures for pc from the MC data obtained from lattices with sizes less than 300 x 300 and the increment 0.002 of p.
According to two estimated relations between the initial period and the dynamo-generated magnetic dipole field of pulsars, we calculate the statistical distributions of pulsar initial periods. It is found that proto-pulsars are very likely to have rotation periods between 20 ms and 30 ms, and that most of the pulsars rotate initially at a period < 60 ms. Our result supports the asymmetric neutrino emission model for pulsar kick.
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