Our results are at variance with those of earlier studies and suggest that excessive androgen exposure in women of reproductive age may not be a factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

No abstract

FTM transsexual patients have a high prevalence of PCOS and hyperandrogenaemia.

We investigated the mechanism by which a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) affects ovarian vascularity, vascular permeability, and expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Hyperstimulated rats received excessive doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; 50 IU/d) for 4 consecutive days, from d 25 to 28 of life, followed by 25 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on d 29. Control rats received 10 IU PMSG on d 27 of life, followed by 10 IU hCG on d 29. GnRHa (leuprolide 100 microg/kg.d) was administered to some hyperstimulated rats either on d 29 and 30 (short-term GnRHa treatment) or from d 25 to 30 (long-term GnRHa treatment). Ovarian vascular density (vessels per 10 mm(2)) and vessel endothelial area (percent) were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of von Willebrand factor, whereas vascular permeability was evaluated based on leakage of Evans blue. High doses of PMSG and hCG significantly increased ovarian weight, vascular permeability, vascular density, and the vessel endothelial area and significantly reduced expression of claudin-5 protein and mRNA. All of these effects were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by administration of GnRHa. This suggests that reduced expression of claudin-5 plays a crucial role in the increased ovarian vascular permeability seen in OHSS and that its expression can be modulated by GnRHa treatment. Indeed, preventing redistribution of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells and the resultant loss of endothelial barrier architecture might be the key to protecting patients against massive extravascular fluid accumulation in cases of OHSS.

Prevention of preterm labor and the following occurrence of pPROM is a significant task to be resolved in order to improve pregnancy outcome after vaginal RT for early-stage invasive uterine cervical cancer. Daily vaginal disinfection with povidone iodine and the administration of a ulinastatin vaginal suppository, bed rest, and the use of ritodrine would be the best approach, and a more conservative approach for stage Ia2 also might be taken into consideration.