Chemical analysis of the sponge Dysidea cf. arenaria from Irabu Island provided four new diterpenes 1-4. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and other spectroscopic analyses. All the metabolites retained the spongian skeleton and an isovalerate ester, but were different from those previously isolated from a specimen of Okinawa Island, implying geographic variation. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 to NBT-T2 cells was evaluated and their IC 50 values were 3.1, 1.9, 8.4, and 3.1 µM, respectively. Key words spongian diterpene; Dysidea; cytotoxicity; sponge Ever since the earliest days of marine natural products chemistry, sponges have attracted the attention of many researchers for their bountiful reserve of novel molecules and biological activities, which have been used as principal targets for bioactive molecules among sessile marine organisms.1) Of the sponge genera, the genus Dysidea is a prolific source of secondary metabolites.2) A number of new molecules have been isolated from Dysidea sponges in the last few years. Examples include dysidaminones, which show nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) inhibitory activity 3)

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Four new diterpenes are isolated and evaluated for their cytotoxicity.

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