Study design: This is a pilot prospective cohort study.Objectives: To investigate if outpatient Schroth exercises (SBP) affect thoracolumbar or lumbar curves in adult scoliosis patients.Background: Adult scoliosis tends to progress and is associated with an increased prevalence of low back pain. The outcome of conservative treatment is not satisfactory, as treatment is not directed towards spinal deformity. This study investigates if SBP influences the thoracolumbar and lumbar curves in patients with adult scoliosis. Materials and methods:Adult patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar curves ≥ 20 o were taught SBP exercises once weekly for 4 weeks. They then performed the exercises at home three times a week, for 9 months. Baseline measurements included Cobb angles, coronal offset, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T4-12 kyphosis, L1-S1 lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt. They were compared to post-intervention measurements, using paired t tests.Results: SBP exercises statistically significantly decreased the Cobb angle (p = 0.0032), improved the ATR (p = 0.012), increased the sacral slope (p = 0.03), decreased the pelvic tilt (p = 0.0032) and the SVA (p = 0.032). Conclusion:The SBP exercises improved the Cobb angles and SVA in adult scoliosis patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar curves.

Scoliosis is prevalent in elderlies over the age of 60. Of the different curve types, the thoracolumbar curve is the most common curve type operated upon, as it is associated with marked trunk shift and disability. Current physiotherapy treatments consist of electrotherapy, aquatic exercises, core-strengthening exercises, and dry needling. Outcome of these treatments has not been satisfactory. Longterm successful rate of conservative treatment of symptomatic adult scoliosis is low, as the treatment addresses symptoms but not the biomechanics involved in adult scoliosis. Recent studies have shown that physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) and bracing stabilized the curves in 80% of the subjects. Thus PSSE and bracing should be added to the standard physiotherapy care in the management of symptomatic adult scoliosis. For asymptomatic patients with thoracolumbar curve that has an increased risk of progression, PSSE should be considered as preventative exercises. Patients who do not respond to conservative treatments and have significant spinal stenosis should be referred for surgery.curves progressed 3° per year [13] and that apical vertebral rotation ≥ III (according to the Nash-Moe classification), a Cobb angle >30°, lateral vertebral translation >6 mm, and L5 above the intercristal line predict curve progression [13,14]. Osteoporosis, a coronal Cobb angle <30°, lumbar lordosis, and degenerative spondylolisthesis are not risk factors for curve progression [14].With increase in life expectancy of the population [2,15], it follows that the prevalence of adult scoliosis increases [2,15] and with it the morbidity.

This omni-directional wheelchair was designed for the less abled elderly to move more flexibly in narrow spaces, such as elevators or small aisle. We have constructed one dexterous three-wheeled wheelchair with smooth omni-directional motion. It does not only keep the merit of the existing manual and electrical operated wheelchair, but also with a novel omni-directional mobility system. Elderly people can easily operate such device in most environments. We implemented the dexterous and complicated mechanisms to allow such an electrically operated wheelchair to move forward at any direction that is far easier manoeuvred than any traditional electronic wheelchairs. We carried on improvements for design, mechanical and control system of this electrically operated wheelchair, and the development of smart automatic charge system and lastly a collision-evading system.