Highlights  Investigate the social-political role that festival tourism plays by applying national identity theory.  Provides insights into postcolonial festival organisation.  Highlights the importance of the celebrated historical event and its function in festival experience.  Investigates the mediating role national identity played in festival evaluation.  Illustrates the hybrid nature of Macao and its festivals.

This paper adopts collective memory theory to reveal processes through which heritage tourism stakeholders (re)construct contested national identity. Theoretically sensitised to identity crisis, the study analyses how Hong Kong and Macao heritage managers utilise complex transnational memories to (re)construct an identity aligned with, yet distinct from, that of China. Through a critical discourse analysis of interviews and discursive exhibition and museum texts, the article reveals that museum managers formulate heritage imaginings and a sense of belonging(s) through defining the collective memory for "Self" and "Other". The article concludes that, by collective memory-building, museum professionals make tangible statements of national identities through legitimating negotiations and resistance in heritage tourism discourse. Implications for heritage tourism studies and museum management are also discussed.

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Establishing balance among the mandates for recreation, conservation and economy makes sustainable tourism management of parks and protected areas a challenge. The Vietnamese park system continues to transform into different management models. In 2006, the Special-Use Forests Policy introduced the co-existing management model, under which power is distributed between the public and private sectors. The unique model has long been applied to the management of parks in Vietnam, but no explanation has ever been givenon how the model was chosen. This study investigates the co-existing management model in the Vietnamese park system using the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park as a case study. The researchexamines the development process of theVietnamese park system and identifies the factorsbehind the transformation intothe current management model. As such, the study provides a theoretical explanation of the choice of the co-existing management model in Vietnamese national parks, and discusses itspractical implications to park management in other countries.