Prenatal maternal depression is associated with alterations in the neonatal amygdala microstructure, shedding light on the timing for the influence of prenatal maternal depression on the brain structure of the offspring. This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptomatology and infant amygdala functional connectivity and to thus establish the neural functional basis for the transgenerational transmission of vulnerability for affective disorders during prenatal development. Twenty-four infants were included in this study with both structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) at 6 months of age. Maternal depression was assessed at 26 weeks of gestation and 3 months after delivery using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Linear regression was used to identify the amygdala functional networks and to examine the associations between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and amygdala functional connectivity. Our results showed that at 6 months of age, the amygdala is functionally connected to widespread brain regions, forming the emotional regulation, sensory and perceptual, and emotional memory networks. After controlling for postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, infants born to mothers with higher prenatal maternal depressive symptoms showed greater functional connectivity of the amygdala with the left temporal cortex and insula, as well as the bilateral anterior cingulate, medial orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, which are largely consistent with patterns of connectivity observed in adolescents and adults with major depressive disorder. Our study provides novel evidence that prenatal maternal depressive symptomatology alters the amygdala's functional connectivity in early postnatal life, which reveals that the neuroimaging correlates of the familial transmission of phenotypes associated with maternal mood are apparent in infants at 6 months of age.

Our findings support a vascular contribution to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are common diseases, there is a two-way relationship between oral health and systemic disease. Periodontal treatment improves glycosylated hemoglobin.In contrast, glycaemic control can make periodontal status better. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term results of periodontal treatment on clinical features and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: A clinical trials study on 76 type 2 diabetes patients with mild and moderate periodontitis. Patiens were divided into two group. Scaling and root planning with Diode laser (SRP+DL) group: full-mouth SRP with Diode laser and Scaling and root planning (SRP) group: full-mouth SRP. Periodontal index and HbA1c were recorded at baseline and six month after treatment. Results: After 6 months, significant changes in periodontal index (p<0.01). HbA1c levels did not change significantly in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study shows that non-surgical periodontal treatment with/without diode laser change significantly periodontal health, but long-term result do not change HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, HbA