Self-care results in individual physical and mental health benefits, however, if understood and carried out from an ethical perspective that incorporates community values. We set out to characterize the academic and non-scientific communities conceptions of self-care through an integrative review, which the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic engendered a more global community-based conception of self-care. The research of 800 scientific articles and 1045 popular media evidenced dissonance between the scientific community’s approach to self-care, which has a relatively more clinical focus and an individual and physical nature, and the popular notions of physical and mental self-care that focus on self-awareness and well-being. The pandemic has influenced the application of self-care with the intensification of clinical analyses and reports and containment measures in international studies. The dialogical, deliberative, and regulatory nature of bioethics underlies the importance of the educational process in shaping citizens who understand self-care as a biological and ethical principle. We conclude that the pandemic opens a new chapter in the history as it impels individuals to look at themselves and others mutually, thus revealing self-care as an ethical principle, which demands a decision-making from a critical, autonomous, and proactive awareness that aims to promote global health.
RESUMO Em situações de crise, como em surtos epidêmicos, o autocuidado pode ser comprometido por conflitos relacionados às vivências cotidianas. Objetivou-se caracterizar as perspectivas sobre vivências da população brasileira frente à pandemia da Covid-19, por meio do seu posicionamento frente a um questionário on-line, em uma pesquisa transversal de estratégia mista. A análise das 525 participações, ocorridas em junho de 2020, identificou vivências registradas no auge da pandemia no Brasil, em três vetores: o envolvimento emocional com causas, consequências e condutas relacionadas à Covid-19; as implicações negativas e positivas do distanciamento social; e os impactos individuais e coletivos desta medida. A pandemia da Covid-19 foi associada às consequências e aos sentimentos reflexos de tal distanciamento, com dissonância de sentimentos negativos e positivos. Embora os participantes não tenham elencado questões sobre o ambiente e o autocuidado, eles se posicionaram ao serem direcionados a refletir sobre essas questões, sendo possível identificar a transposição de percepções negativas da quarentena, associadas aos contextos individual e físico, para percepções positivas, relacionados aos aspectos emocional e coletivo. A análise das perspectivas dos respondentes deve compor a pauta da agenda da bioética ambiental, uma vez que decisões pessoais e cotidianas sobre como promover o autocuidado os inserem em uma cadeia de responsabilidades e interdependências globais.
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