Hydatid disease is a widely common parasitic disease caused by the species; Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Echinococcosis is a serious medical, economical and social handicap all over the world. Almost any organ of the body can be involved with the zoonosis, liver and lungs are the most frequently involved organs. Imaging has a critical role for diagnosis of the disease. Radiography is the first imaging tool. Although CT aids the detection of size, number, location and imaging of local complications for diagnosis of hydatid cysts, sometimes atypical lesions rise in the imaging tools. MRI may help for differentiation of hydatid lesions from other neoplastic and hypodense infective lesions. MRI is also better for biliary and neurological involvement. Ultrasound is especially helpful for abdominal hydatidosis and peripheral lung lesions. Regarding that clinical evaluation is difficult for hydatidosis; radiological findings should be evaluated well for accurate diagnosis. This chapter will focus on imaging of echinococcosis.

IntroductionHydatid cyst disease is a zoonosis provoked by Echinoccocus.Presentation of case17 year old male applied to our clinic with complaints of fatigue, lassitude, right chest pain and spitting of watery expectoration proceeding in 6 months. Computed tomographic scan indicated a 130*110 mm smooth contoured cavitary lesion located in the right middle lobe of the lung. Treatment with cystotomy and capitonnage successfully. Histopathologic examination confirmed hydatid cyst. The patient recovered from all his complaints postoperatively and he was discharged from the hospital in 7 days. Albendazole was implemented for 3 months postoperatively. He was observed to be healthy in his three month follow-up visit.DiscussionPulmonary hydatid cysts are generally treated with surgery. Cystotomy and capitonnage, pericystectomy and enucleation are the commonly used surgical techniques.ConclusionsSurgery is the treatment regimen for pulmonary hydatid cysts and antihelmintic therapy is adviced to eliminate recurrences postoperatively.

The risks of primary graft dysfunction, additional airway complications (due to a bronchial diameter mismatch), persistent pleural effusion, infection, hyperinfl ation of the lung, elevated risk of operative bleeding, greater acute lung injury (due to higher tidal volume during mechanical ventilation), and the development of greater pulmonary vascular resistance are higher in cases involving extremely small donor lungs [2,3]. AbstractBackground: Size matching between donor lungs and recipient chest space is an important technical problem that affects the outcome and survival following lung transplantation. The size of the lung can vary according to underlying disease, previous resections, and ethnicity, as well as height, age, and sex. Measurements of predicted total lung capacity according to height, age, and sex are frequently used, although other measurement methods are available. Result:Excessively large or small donor lungs are undesirable for lung transplantation because they cause complications. In general, post-transplant outcomes are better when the donor lung is reasonably larger than the recipient thoracic cavity. However, larger donor lungs are not recommended for recipients with emphysema. We performed a literature search using Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Library Database, and Scielo to identify articles published between June 2016 and July 2018 related to the effect of lung size matching on the prognosis of lung transplant patients. The literature primarily provides information regarding double lung transplantation with a predicted total lung capacity for the donor of 75%-125% of the predicted recipient total lung capacity. Data are lacking with respect to the size mismatch for single lung transplantation and recipients with restrictive pulmonary disorders. Conclusion:This review presents detailed fi ndings regarding size matching in lung transplantation.

HighlightsCystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis which have detrimental effects on public health.The basic treatment for cystic echinococcosis is surgery, with possible risk of anaphylaxis and secondary echinococcosis.Postoperative antihelminthic therapy is preferred to prevent postoperative complications.