S The effectiveness of colchicine treatment at inducing polyploidy in Phalaenopsis amabilis
<br />Induction of polyploid gametes is one of useful plant polyploidization methods. Some of its benefits are to obtain triploid and tetraploid progenies at the same time by cross and self pollination. Previous research showed that some morphological characters which could be the indications of polyploidy plantlets before the analysis of chromosome number. Colchicine treatment on flower bud of diploid Phalaenopsis amabilis was conducted to determine the effect of colchicine on flower bud development, plantlets morphology and growth, and potential of polyploidy induction based on plantlets morphology. Colchicine concentrations in the experiment were 0, 50, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L-1, with three days duration of treatments with aluminium foil wraps on flower buds. The results showed that high colchicine concentrations (2,000 mg L-1) inhibited flowers blooming of treated flower buds. Based on morphological characters, plantlets were classified into normal and putative polyploid plantlets. Putative polyploid plantlets from colchicine with the concentration of 50, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1 were 71.2, 86.4, and 100.0% respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: colchicine concentration, morphological characters, normal plantlets, putative polyploidy, reproductive organ<br /><br />
Anggrek merupakan tanaman yang memiliki keragaman tinggi di Indonesia. pengembangan anggrek di Indonesia menghadapi berbagai masalah diantaranya penyediaan bibit yang terbatas, kualitas bibit yang masih rendah dan teknik budidaya yang belum dilakukan dengan baik. Perbanyakan anggrek secara vegetatif dengan kultur jaringan merupakan teknik perbanyakan yang telah umum digunakan untuk menghasilkan bibit anggrek dengan jumlah banyak dalam waktu yang singkat. Aklimatisasi merupakan tahap akhir dalam teknik kultur jaringan dan merupakan tahapan penentu keberhasilan kultur jaringan tanaman. Bibit anggrek yang telah diaklimatisasi membutuhkan suplai unsur hara untuk mendukung pertumbuhannya. Pupuk daun merupakan pupuk dengan kandungan nitrogen tinggi, yang diaplikasikan dengan cara penyemprotan melalui daun. Pemupukan dengan teknik ini merupakan yang paling efektif karena unsur hara dapat diserap secara optimal melalui stomata daun dan juga akar, khususnya pada aklimatisasi bibit anggrek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian pupuk daun terhadap pertumbuhan bibit anggrek Dendrobium var. Dian Agrihorti pada tahap aklimatisasi. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor yaitu konsentrasi pupuk daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk daun pada konsentrasi yang berbeda menghasilkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit anggrek. Pemberian pupuk daun dengan konsentrasi sebesar 2.25 mlL-1 adalah perlakuan dengan hasil terbaik untuk variabel tinggi bibit anggrek, panjang, dan jumlah daun.
Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia after rice and maize. Plant pathogens still constrain the increase in soybean productivity. One of the plant pathogenic infections can occur during the seed phase. Therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of physical and chemical treatments as control of seed-borne fungi and their impact on soybean seed germination. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely physical therapy by heating the seeds in a microwave at a temperature of 40 °C for 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds and chemical treatment by soaking the seeds in a fungicide with active ingredient difenoconazole with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Seeds without heating and as control are soaking fungicides. Each treatment was repeated three times. The seeds that have been given treatments are then planted using the growing test technique and incubated for seven days. Furthermore, the seed viability and the growth of pathogenic fungi were observed at the end of incubation. The results showed that soybean seed germination was not affected by physical and chemical treatments. The seed viability of 100% with or without treatment. This was confirmed by the findings of seed-borne fungi (Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus) with a low infection rate of 0.01-0.19%. Chemical treatment with concentrations of 0.5%, 2%, and 3% had a significant effect on the Fusarium infection level, which was higher than the control, which was 0.18%, 0.17%, and 0.19%. Meanwhile, for Curvularia and Aspergillus, physical and chemical treatments did not have a significant effect.
Pisang merupakan salah satu produk tanaman yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh semua kalangan masyarakat. Tingkat konsumsi yang meningkat harus disertai dengan ketersediaan bibit yang mencukupi. Hal tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan kultur jaringan untuk menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah banyak dan cepat. Aklimatisasi merupakan penyesuaian bibit dari in vitro menuju in vivo. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan planlet selama aklimatisasi salah satunya yaitu media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan pisang Cavendish pada tahap aklimatisasi. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu kombinasi media tanam. Perlakuan kombinasi media tanam yaitu P0 = tanah: pasir (1:1), P1 = tanah: pupuk kascing (1:1), P2 = pasir: pupuk kascing (1:1), dan P3 = tanah: pasir: pupuk kascing (1:1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pisang untuk variabel tinggi bibit, panjang dan lebar daun pisang Cavendish. Perlakuan P2 dengan kombinasi pasir : kascing (1:1) direkomendasikan untuk aklimatisasi bibit pisang Cavendish karena menunjukkan respon pertumbuhan yang cepat dan menunjukkan hasil tertinggi pada variabel tinggi bibit selama 12 MST dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.
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