We present the fourth case of an adult man (29 yr old) affected by aromatase deficiency resulting from a novel homozygous inactivating mutation of the CYP19 (P450(arom)) gene. At first observation, continuing linear growth, eunuchoid body proportions, diffuse bone pain, and bilateral cryptorchidism were observed. The patient presented also a complex dysmetabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, acanthosis nigricans, liver steatohepatitis, and signs of precocious atherogenesis. The analysis of the effects induced by the successive treatment with high doses of testosterone, alendronate, and estradiol allows further insight into the roles of androgens and estrogens on several metabolic functions. High doses of testosterone treatment resulted in a severe imbalance in the estradiol to testosterone ratio together with the occurrence of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2. Estrogen treatment resulted in an improvement of acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance, and liver steatohepatitis, coupled with a better glycemic control and the disappearance of two carotid plaques. Furthermore, the study confirms previous data concerning the key role of estrogens on male bone maturation, at least in part, and regulation of gonadotropin secretion. The biopsy of the testis showed a pattern of total germ cell depletion that might be due to the concomitant presence of bilateral cryptorchidism. Thus, a possible role of estrogen in male reproductive function is suggested but without revealing a direct cause-effect relationship. Data from this case provide new insights into the role of estrogens in glucose, lipid, and liver metabolism in men. This new case of aromatase deficiency confirms previous data on bone maturation and mineralization, and it reveals a high risk for the precocious development of cardiovascular disease in young aromatase-deficient men.
Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados quirúrgicos y predictores de remisión en una serie de 40 pacientes con enfermedad de Cushing (EC) sometidos a cirugía endoscópica endonasal (CEE) y compararlos con la literatura.Introducción: La EC esta causada por un adenoma corticotropo y presenta una elevada morbimortalidad. El tratamiento de elección es la resección transeptoesfenoidal, demostrando en los últimos años la CEE ser un alternativa segura y efectiva.Material y métodos: Se analizó retrospectivamente la base de datos de pacientes con EC operados entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2021. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, endocrinológicas, radiológicas, quirúrgicas, histopatológicas y la evolución de los pacientes, y se compararon dos etapas (primeras 20 cirugías vs 20 restantes).Resultados: Se operaron 32 mujeres y 8 varones, promedio de edad de 38,9 años. Se intervinieron 21 microadenomas y 19 macroadenomas. Se obtuvo remisión postquirúrgica en el 82,5% de los casos encontrándose asociación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,00) con el cortisol postoperatorio ≤ 1,8 µg/dl y con los tumores no invasores de la clasificación de Knosp. En la segunda etapa se obtuvo mayor porcentaje de cortisol postoperatorio ≤ 1,8 µg/dl (73,7% vs 26,3%) y mayor porcentaje de remisión (95% vs 70%). La tasa de complicaciones fue del 20%, sin mortalidad. Presentaron recurrencia 5 (15%) pacientes. Con tratamiento adyuvante se encuentran en remisión bioquímica 37 (92,5%) pacientes.Conclusión: La CEE es el tratamiento de elección para la EC ofreciendo altas tasas de remisión con baja morbilidad. Los factores predictores de remisión fueron la hipocortisolemia postoperatoria, los adenomas no invasores y la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico.
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