Microsatellite markers are powerful tools for many evolutionary and genetic studies. They provide high level of polymorphism and information in cereal genomic research. However, development of microsatellite markers is extremely expensive and both time and labor consuming because of the requirement of prior sequence knowledge for design of locus specific primers. Therefore, use of microsatellite markers developed for one species could be very valuable for related species. In the present study we investigated the possibility of SSR marker transferability among cool season cereals. Transferability of 27 wheat and 23 barley microsatellites were studied using five wheat, five barley, two oat and two rye cultivars. Transferability of the barley SSR markers to wheat was 69. 6% (16/23), to oat 43.5% (10/23) and to rye 52.2% (12/23). Of 27 wheat SSR markers 20 (74%) were amplified in barley, 20 (74%) in oat and 19 (70.4%) in rye. These results show that about two or three out of every four microsatellites can be used in related cereal genera.

Landraces are significant genetic resources for wheat breeding as they can adapt to their regions of origin. However, for this genetic resource to be used effectively in wheat breeding, it should be screened molecularly for some functional genes. The study used 123 landraces and modern bread wheat varieties grown in Turkey. We screened the genetic materials for the wbm , waxy genes, High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (HMW-GS), and the Lr34 gene, which provides adult plant resistance to rust disease. There were three different alleles for the Glu-A1 locus, six different alleles for the Glu-B1 locus, and five different alleles for the Glu-D1 locus. For the Glu-A1 locus, a null subunit was found in 73 genotypes (59.3%) and that is the most common subunit. 7+8 subunit is the most common alleles (65.8%) in the Glu-B1 locus. In the Glu-D1 locus, 2+12 is the most common (63.4%) subunit associated with poor gluten quality, and 78 genotypes contain this subunit. When the three loci were evaluated, 23 combinations were found among all the genotypes screened. The two combinations include two new subunits (2+12ˈ and 2+12*) whose effects on bread quality have not yet been evaluated. Halbert and Gülümbür-Makas wheat cultivars contain the wbm gene, while six cultivars contain the Lr-34 gene. Six genotypes have only Wx-A1 and Wx-D1 alleles for waxy alleles. The results revealed that the landraces did not contain the genes screened within the scope of the study in terms of functional genes used in wheat breeding. The results indicated that we should use modern cultivars containing target genes in breeding programs when these landraces are used as the parent.

No abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, sezaryen doğum sonrası taburculuk eğitiminin annelerin taburculuğa hazır oluşluklarına etkisini incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Ocak-Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında Denizli Devlet Hastanesi'nde yer alan Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği'nde, randomize kontrollü olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya eğitim grubuna 110 ve kontrol grubuna 114 olmak üzere toplam 224 sezaryen ile doğum yapmış anne alınmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından eğitim grubunda yer alan annelere doğum sonrası birinci gün taburculuk eğitimi verilmiş ve eğitimin sonrasında hazırlanan kitapçık dağıtılmıştır. Veriler "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Hastane Taburculuğuna Hazır Oluşluk Ölçeği-Yeni Doğum Yapmış Anne Formu" ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile Ki-kare, Student t, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Fisher's Exact testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Eğitim ve kontrol grubundaki annelerin sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik özellikleri, bebeklerine ilişkin özellikleri ve doğum sonrası döneme ilişkin özelliklerinin benzer olduğu saptanmıştır. Eğitim grubundaki annelerin "Hastane Taburculuğuna Hazır Oluşluk Ölçeği-Yeni Doğum Yapmış Anne Formu" toplam ölçek puanı (176,61±22,423) kontrol grubu annelerin toplam puanlarından (169,94±26,093) daha yüksek ve bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (t=2,049 p=0,042). "Hastane Taburculuğuna Hazır Oluşluk Ölçeği-Yeni Doğum Yapmış Anne Formu" ölçek alt boyutlarından bilgi ve yetenek alt boyut puanlarının eğitim grubu annelerin kontrol grubu annelerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde daha yüksek (sırasıyla U=4237,000 p=0,000, t=2,010 p=0,046) olduğu ancak, kişisel durum ve beklenen destek alt boyut puanları arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmamıştır (sırasıyla t=0,485 p=0,628 U=5785,500 p=0,312). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, doğum sonrası dönemde taburculuk eğitiminin annelerin taburculuğa hazır oluşluk durumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The aim of this study is to screen the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) carrying rye translocation for the semi-dwarf (Rht), photoperiod (Ppd) and vernalization (Vrn) genes. Recombinant inbred lines were obtained by hybridization of bread wheat varieties Tosunbey and Tahirova-2000. Only the lines carrying 1BL.1RS rye translocation from population were used in the study. Parents and all of RILs were found to have Rht-B1a, which is a semi-dwarf allele, and Ppd-D1a allele, which is not susceptible to photoperiod. The vernalization alleles (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1) in the lines were also determined. It was determined that both parents and all the RILs had vrn-A1 allele, and not Vrn-A1c allele. It was determined that 151 of RILs contained vrn-B1 allele and 154 of them contained Vrn-B1 allele, while 131 of RILs had vrn-D1 allele and 174 of them had Vrn-D1 allele. In addition, molecular screening were carried out for waxy alleles (Wx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) which were effective on flour swelling, water holding capacity and shelf life of bread wheat. As a result of the molecular data it was found that 141 of RILs carry all three alleles and named as “normal amylose wheat” and 164 of them had only Wx-A1 and Wx-D1 alleles, as known “low amylose wheat”. The results indicated that the population used in the research could be the subject of some researches, especially drought tolerance, and RILs could be used to develop genetic material carrying rye translocation for wheat breeding programs.