Both devices are clinically safe and effective in ASD closure. FSO device has similar outcomes when compared to ASO device. Difficulties in selecting the correct device size in larger defects and larger venous sheath requirement need to be evaluated in further studies.

Patients with BA have subclinical right ventricular diastolic dysfunction even in the early stages. The severity of the functional impairment is parallel with the severity of the disease. Tissue Doppler echocardiography has a greater predictive value than conventional imaging, and is useful for evaluating ventricular function in patients with BA.

It was concluded that zinc supplementation in malnourished children with acute diarrhea may reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea, especially in children with low zinc levels.

No abstract

Liquid paraffin is more effective in the treatment of children with constipation. Patients treated with liquid paraffin responded more rapidly than patients responding to lactulose and showed fewer side-effect. It is considered that late response and side-effects in conjunction with poor symptom control influence the patient compliance and the successful treatment of childhood constipation.