Background:Obstructed labour is an obstetric emergency and one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, causes and feto-maternal outcome of cases of obstructed labour managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from 1 st January, 2014 to 31 st December, 2018. Methods: This was a retrospective review of all cases of obstructed labour managed at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto over 5 years. List of cases managed during the study period was obtained and case notes were retrieved. Relevant information such as age, booking status, parity, educational status, address, causes, mode of delivery and both maternal and foetal outcomes were obtained from the case notes. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total two hundred and seventy-six cases of obstructed labour were managed out of the 15,452 total deliveries during the study period. This gives an obstructed labour prevalence of 1.79%. The major cause of obstructed labour identified in this study was Cephalopelvic disproportion (74.6%) and majority of the patients were delivered by emergency lower segment caesarean section (70.6%). Up to 32.3% of the patients had no maternal complications and also 42.3% of them had live birth with no fetal complication. However, 20.2% of these patients had ruptured uterus and 37.9% of them had still birth, while 19.8% had live birth complicated by birth asphyxia. Conclusions: This study has found that obstructed labour resulted in adverse maternal and perinatal outcome. Hence, there is need to prevent obstructed labour in order to avert this consequence.

Needle sticks injury considerably affects nurse’s wellbeing while performing routine patient’s care. Thus, nurses are at risk of exposure to various kinds of infectious diseases. Objectives: To analyze the practice of nurses regarding prevention from needle stick injury in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: Study setting was tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval. Data was collected from nurses by using tool used in this study was check list for observation of Nurses practice related to sharps and needles. This check list contains fourteen criteria for observation of Nurses’ practice. Whether they were doing; yes or no. sel. convenient sampling technique was used, and sample size was 93. Statistical analysis: SPSS 21 was utilized for the data analysis. Results: It was observed that 03(3%) Nurses were performing Safe Needle Handling Technique in procedure room while 90(97%) Nurses were not performing it. It was observed that 91(98%) Staff Nurses wash hands before and after use of syringes while only 02(2%) Nurses were not performing it. Conclusion: We concluded that nurses have ignorance of the protocols become the reason of such incidents even now. It is the need of time to implement appropriate strategies for precaution and intervention through hospital administration to avoid the needle stick injuries. Key Words: Needle Stick Injury, Re-capping of needles and Knowledge.

Background: Contraception can be defined as all temporary or permanent measures designed to prevent pregnancy. Bilateral tubal ligation is a surgical and permanent form of contraception offered to women who completed their family size or for limitation of family size due to medical condition. The practices of bilateral tubal ligation is limited in Sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria inclusive because of great desire for a large family size, cultural and religious factors, misunderstanding and fear of the procedure. The aim of the study was to determine the perception and acceptability of bilateral tubal ligation as a form of contraception among women attending Antenatal clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among women attending antenatal clinic between 1 st of May to 31 st of July, 2018. The information was obtained using a structured questionnaire to obtain the respondent's sociodemographic characteristics, questions on perception and acceptability of bilateral tubal ligation. Data analysis was done with statistical package for social sciences version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The study revealed that 73% of the respondents were aware of bilateral tubal ligation, but only 44% of them have good perception towards it. Majority of the respondents (63.8%) reject BTL for contraception. Most of their reasons were cultural believe (33.3%), regret (31.6%), religious believe (26.6%) and fear of surgery (8.5%). Conclusions: There was poor perception and low acceptability toward bilateral tubal ligation among the study population, mostly due to cultural and religious believes, as well as fear of regret, despite awareness of BTL among majority of the respondents.