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The objective of the article is to assess the impact of formal and informal vocational training on female labour force participation in India, based on the Periodic Labour Force Survey data for 2017–2018, employing a trivariate probit model. Results show that participation both in formal and informal vocational training has a positive and statistically significant impact on female labour force participation across all specifications of the regression models, thus showing the robustness of the relationship. Most importantly, the provision of vocational training helps break the traditional U-shaped relationship between female labour force participation and educational levels. However, the fact that the percentage of formal vocational training holders is much lower than that of informal vocational training holders and that it varies among males and females, points to the need for special policy attention on the promotion of female participation in formal vocational training on a large scale. JEL Codes: J21, J24, J71

This paper uses an input-output (I-O) framework, considering five I-O matrices, over the period 1989-90 to 2007-08 to evaluate the total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of different sectors of the Indian economy. The methodology adopted under this framework (Miller and Blair 2009) takes into account not only the contributions of the value-added inputs such as labour and capital but also the contribution of the intermediate inputs to production. Subsequently, we compute forward and backward linkages of sectors in terms of output as well as employment to examine whether the high-linked sectors of the economy are relatively better in terms of productive growth or not. Our results show that agriculture has high employment linkages with other sectors of the economy together with positive TFPG. Several other sectors such as food, beverages, textile, printing, and so on do not necessarily have high linkages even though they reveal positive TFPG, especially during the post-liberalization period. By carrying out a sector-wise analysis, the paper identifies the highlinked sectors that need special attention in terms of productivity improvements for improving overall competitiveness of those industry segments that can generate a high level of output and/or employment through their linkage effects.Keywords Total factor productivity growth • Input-output analysis • Output and employment linkages * Tulika Bhattacharya