The aim of this study was to identify attitudes of family physicians and pediatricians working in sub-provinces of central Ankara concerning rotavirus (RV), human papilloma virus (HPV), meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-MCV4) and adolescent and adult pertussis (Tdap) vaccines which are not included in the National Immunization Schedule (NIS). Questionnaires were conducted with 300 family physicians and 230 pediatricians who were selected by random sampling. RV vaccine is the most commonly recommended vaccine by physicians (60.5%). It is the vaccine they want to be added to the NIS the most (48.5%). Tdap vaccine is the least recommended vaccine (24.1%) and the least preferred for inclusion in the NIS (19.6%). Of the physicians recommending the RV vaccine 94.0% believe that "RV-related diarrhea cases exhibit a severe course of illness in children younger than two years old." Pediatricians recommend RV, meningoccocal and Tdap vaccines more than family physicians (p<0.05). Of the physicians who do not recommend RV, HPV, and conjugated meningococcal vaccine 87.5%, 96.7% and 27.6% found the vaccines expenive, respectively. Of the physicians who do not recommend Tdap vaccine 90.4% think that "Tdap vaccination is not a health problem of priority for their country." In conclusion physicians are recommending vaccines which are not included in the NIS. Their common concern for not recommending these vaccines is expensive price.

ÖZETObjective: The aim of this study was to detect the level of knowledge on the attitude towards circumcision among mothers having sons aged 0-12 years. Material and Methods:Having a descriptive orientation, a series of face-to-face interviews with 420 mothers having sons aged 0-12 years was conducted using a questionnaire. Information on the socio-economic level, and knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding circumcision of the mothers were questioned.Results: 16.4% of the mothers were detected to have had their sons circumcised below the age of 3, 39.7% between 3-6 years and 43.6% at the age of 6 and above. It was found that the socio-economic status of the mothers affected their choices regarding the age and venue of circumcision (p<0.05). Regarding the complications that might occur during and after circumcision; 34.7% of the mothers thought of bleeding, 24.0% of them thought of infection, 23.3% thought of wrong operational practices and 17.7% of them replied that they had no idea. Conclusion:A group of mothers admitted to Ankara Education and Research Hospital were lacking in information about the complications that might occur during and after circumcision.

Objective: This study was conducted to introduce mothers' knowledge and practices on fever, measuring fever and using antipyretics. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 495 mothers with 0-6 year old children who attended the Ankara Training and Research Hospital Child Health Polyclinic in March-June 2011. Results: The average age of mothers was 28±5.1 years. The educational state of 287 (58.0% of mothers) was primary school and of them 394 (79.5%) were housewives. 149 (30.1%) of mothers could truly define fever, 95% of mothers used antipyretic medicine without consulting a doctor, and 14.7% of them used consecutive antipyretics. As an antipyretic, 44.5% used acetaminophen and 32.5% used ibuprofen. Conclusion: Mothers' definition of fever and antipyretic utilization knowledge are insufficient. Education of mothers is essential to achieve success in fever management.

The authors present a case of a 36-day-old infant with intracranial and intramuscular hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency bleeding, who received intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis at birth. In this case, laboratory tests showed anemia, liver dysfunction with cholestasis, and coagulopathy, consistent with vitamin K deficiency abnormality. Serological analyses showed that cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG avidity were both positive. The infant was treated successfully with intravenous ganciclovir and blood products. This case suggests that it is imperative to meticulously investigate the etiology in neonates with late-onset hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Cholestatic liver disease caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection should be in mind in term infants who presented with late-onset hemorrhagic disease.

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