In order to reduce the impacts of the industrial effluent on the environment, silicon carbide hollow fiber membranes were prepared by the precipitation-immersion technique and sintered at 1450 and 1500 °C. The membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, their surface structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, pore size distribution and porosity, mechanical properties, and flow measurements with distilled water and effluent generated by the indigo blue industry. The sintered membranes presented crystalline phases of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide. The tubes presented defect-free microstructure and uniform porous surface, with porosity above 50%. The silicon carbide membrane presented significant reductions of the solutes and colloidal particle contents in the effluent. The membranes sintered at 1500 °C proved to be more efficient for reductions of the turbidity and color of the effluent. Silicon carbide hollow fiber membrane is an interesting alternative for the treatment of effluents from the textile industry.
RESUMO Resíduos de MDF (MediumDensityFiberboard) gerados nas indústrias de móveis de madeiras, geralmente, são depositados em locais inadequados, causando impactos ambientais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver materiais porosos com a incorporação de resíduo de MDF (5, 10 e 15% de resíduo) em massas cerâmicas estruturais. As características mineralógicas, químicas e térmicas das massas foram analisadas. Corpos de prova (50mm x15mm x 5mm) foram conformados por prensagem uniaxial (13,3 MPa), os quais foram secos à 110 ºC/24 h e sinterizados à 750, 850 e 950 °C. Posteriormente, estes foram submetidos às seguintes caracterizações: absorção de água, densidade aparente, porosidade aparente e módulo de ruptura à flexão. As características mineralógicas e microestruturais, após queima, também foram analisadas. Os resultados evidenciaram que, até 10% do resíduo de MDF em forma de pó, poderá ser incorporado em massas cerâmicas estruturais para produção de materiais cerâmicos, como blocos porosos isolantes acústicos e térmicos. A porosidade aparente foi de 31,7%, a densidade aparente foi de 1,6 g/cm3 e o módulo de ruptura a flexão foi de 11,5 MPa.
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