Tuberculosis (TB) is no longer confined to undeveloped or developing nations. Today, one third of world's population suffers from tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) of the musculoskeletal system is an uncommon infection caused by tuberculous bacilli and constitutes 1%-5% of all forms of TB. 30% of skeletal TB involves the joints, the knee being the third most commonly affected after the spine and the hip. Knee tuberculosis commonly presents as synovitis or arthritis. Baker's cyst is a rather rare complication of knee joint tuberculosis. We report a case of a 50-year-old man with tuberculous arthritis of the right knee who presented to us as baker's cyst.

Skeletal muscle haemangiomas are uncommon soft tissue tumors; more than 90% are misdiagnosed initially. They present as chronic pain and swelling in a muscle with or without a history of trauma. Plain X-rays, bone scans, computerized tomography (CT) studies, and angiography studies may not always be specific for this tumor. Diagnostic ultrasound is an appropriate initial imaging modality for suspected haemangioma, although magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice. Many treatment modalities for the symptomatic haemangiomas are available of which surgical excision is the most preferred. We present an unusual case of pain, swelling, and restriction of movements in the right knee following an episode of trauma in a 12-year-old boy who was being followed for 1 year by a general practioner and later referred to us. The patient was diagnosed to have intramuscular cavernous haemangioma in the vastus medialis by us for which he was treated by surgical excision and followed for 1 year and found to have no recurrence. The clinical features, radiological picture, pathological histology, diagnostic tools, and treatment options have been discussed.

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Chronic iliac osteomyelitis classically presents radiologically as an ill defined radiolucent lesion with moth eaten appearance along with periosteal reaction and sequestrum formation. Our case report presents a rare radiological picture of iliac bone osteomyelitis in the form of an expansile mutiloculated lytic lesion.

BACKGROUND Transpedicular instrumentation systems have distinct advantages such as rigid segmental fixation, stabilization of the three columns, least failure at bone metal interface, early post-operative mobilization with efficient nursing care and least complications in the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the clinical and radiological outcome of thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by short segment and long segment transpedicular instrumentation. METHODS 34 patients who underwent posterior spinal stabilization with transpedicular instrumentation and posterolateral fusion for unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with or without neurological deficit were included in the study. Load sharing classification (Gaines scoring) was used retrospectively to correlate fracture comminution and displacement with progression of the deformity and implant failure. Neurological evaluation was done and patients were graded according to ASIA (American Spinal Cord Injury Association) impairment scale as a part of physical examination. RESULTS The mean intra-operative correction in the short segment group was 14.4° and the loss of correction observed at the last followup evaluation was 7.48° with a final gain of 6.92°. The mean intra-operative correction in the long segment group was 19.77° and the loss of correction observed at the last follow-up evaluation was 6.61°. Final gain was 13.16°. On radiological evaluation, mean correction loss of 7.48 degrees and 3.4% implant failure was noted in the short segment group while the long segment group had 6.61 degrees of mean correction loss and no implant failure. There was no positive correlation found between Gaines score with progression of deformity. CONCLUSION Transpedicular fixation is a stable, reliable and less surgically extensive construct for addressing thoracolumbar burst fractures. About 6-8° loss of correction was observed with both short and long segment stabilizations in our study. Long segment has better results in terms of maintenance of reduction and final gain.