No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Antipsychotic related urinary symptoms are recognised and they remain a potential treatment-limiting sideeffect of clozapine. This article reports the incidence and management of two cases of clozapine-associated incontinence in psychiatrically stable patients. Both cases occurred during treatment and appear to have a similar pathophysiology, which may be related to the atypical nature of clozapine therapy. We searched the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for articles published from 1980 to 2008 that contain the keywords 'clozapine and enuresis, ‘clozapine and incontinence,’ ‘clozapine and seizures’. We also manually searched the bibliographies of these articles for related sources, and explored the reported treatment options to this side-effect of clozapine therapy. Both patients gave an informed consent.

Little is known about the extent of non-medical use of prescription drugs among European adolescents with substance use disorders. This cross-sectional study examined non-medical use of seven categories of psychotropic prescription drugs (opioid analgesics, ADHD stimulant, sleeping, sedative/anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anabolic steroid medications) in a clinical sample of Irish adolescents with substance use disorders. Of the 85 adolescents (aged 13-18 years) invited to participate, 65 adolescents (M = 16.3 years, SD = 1.3) took part (response: 74%). Among respondents, 68% reported lifetime non-medical use of any of the prescription drugs; sedative/anxiolytic (62%) and sleeping medications (43%) were more commonly abused. The most frequently reported motives for abuse were "seeking high or buzz" (79%), "having good time" (63%), and "relief from boredom" (56%). Sharing among friends and street-level drug markets were the most readily available sources. Innovative solutions of control measures and intervention are required to address the abuse of prescription drugs.