An effective health intervention program should be based on behavioral patterns instead of an individual behavior. Gender and age play an important role in the behavioral patterns and need to be taken into consideration when designing intervention programs.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest growing public health concerns around the world. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been proven to be associated with adverse health consequences in the diabetic population. Reducing SSB consumption, body weight control, healthy diets, and increased physical activity have been suggested as strategies to improve diabetes prevention and management. This literature review provides an overview of: (1) The association between SSB consumption and the risk of T2DM; (2) Types of SSB consumption and T2DM; (3) The effect of obesity and inflammation on the association between SSB consumption and risk of T2DM; and (4) SSB consumption in T2DM patients. There is still work to be done to determine how SSB consumption is related to T2DM, but the current research on identifying the association between SSB consumption and T2DM is promising, with the most promising studies confirming the connection between SSBs, T2DM risk, and diabetes management. Future studies should explore more effective SSB related diabetes prevention and management interventions.

Background Most cervical cancers are directly linked to oncogenic or high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. This study evaluates associations between diet quality and genital HPV infection in women. Methods This study included 10,543 women from the 2003–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The outcome was the genital HPV infection status (HPV-negative, low-risk [LR] HPV, and HR-HPV). Dietary quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), with which a higher score indicates a better diet quality. Results Women who are not consuming total fruits (15.8%), whole fruits (27.5%), or green vegetables and beans (43%) had a significantly higher risk of HR-HPV infection than women who complied with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (HR-HPV OR = 1.76, 1.63 and 1.48 for a HEI score of 0 vs. 5) after adjusting confounding factors. Similar results of these food components on LR-HPV infection were shown. In addition, intake of whole grains and dairy was inversely associated with LR-HPV infection. Conclusions This study showed that women who did not eat fruits, dark-green vegetables, and beans had a higher risk of genital HR-HPV infection. Intake of these food components is suggested for women to prevent HPV carcinogenesis.

What is already known on this topic? Successful diabetes management relies on optimal and acceptable patient behavior. Self-efficacy and self-management are essential factors in diabetes-related health behavior. What is added by this report?We used the HbA 1c level of less than 7.0% to assess the outcome of diabetes control and sustained diabetes management. Latent profile analysis is a novel approach for conceptualizing patient profiles and assessing patient behavior in diabetes control.What are the implications for public health practice?Using patient health profiles can make medical teams aware of patients' diabetes care and provide incentives for better patient behaviors. Better behaviors lead to patients' optimal adherence to diabetes care, and subsequently, better health outcomes.