The purpose of this study was to construct validate an effective instrument to measure teachers’ professional agency and factors influencing it. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested using exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Ninety-four items were developed for initial instrument based on ecological model of teachers’ professional agency as the conceptual model. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that nine factor structure of the instrument explained 76.37% of the variance in the pattern of relationships among the items. All the nine factors had high reliabilities (all Cronbach’s alpha greater than .791). Fifty-three items remained in the final questionnaire after deleting items with cross-loadings on multiple factors and loadings below .5. Hence this study confirmed a nine-factor structure of the instrument. This instrument could be used to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing teachers’ professional agency during a curriculum reform.

This quantitative study discusses the sources of work stress for the learning resources specialist in public schools at "wilayat Seeb". The problem is the increase in the volume of tasks and burdens of the learning resources specialist in the Sultanate's schools, which means increasing "work pressure". Therefore, the study aims at: Diagnosing the sources of work stress in the specialist learning resources in public schools. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, the study population consisted of (94) individuals, the sample was limited to (55) individuals. The questionnaire consists of (68) statements distributed in (7) axes sources of work pressure. The study findings: The learning resources specialist suffers from sources of great work pressures resulting from the nature of work and change, qualification and training, and the presence of four sources of work stresses are available on average. The results also showed that the source of work-related stress at work is low. Keywords work stress, learning resources, , stress sources

This quantitative study aims to identify the open access and feasibility of methods for the education contents at Arab Open University, under the level of trends of methods at Arab Open University. The study sample of consisted of 30 students from the fourth Master Program batch. The study utilized two measurements for data collection. The study found that the digital repositories, directory of open access and electronic books are considered the usable resources for student. While the open access is the lowest source that student use. Moreover, the study found the legal and technical obstacles are one of the most obstacles are one of the most that face open access at Arab Open University. However, technological and moral obstacles that face open access in Arab Open University. Finally, researcher suggested the number of recommendation and proposals that support open access at the university. Keyword: Open access, Digital Repositories, Journals, e-Books, Open Courseware