The buildings of business centers make up a significant part of the development of modern cities. Having different sizes, functional content and architectural and artistic solutions, these complexes are often spatial dominants. The compositional accent formed by them indicates the place of concentration for social activity associated not only with business activity but also often with an entertainment pastime program. The formation of a business center as a specific type of building has a long history from open or semiclosed spaces in ancient times, in which trade operations were carried out, to modern multifunctional, multistory buildings. These buildings are located singly or form complexes occupying one or more blocks. Business centers in Kazakhstan developed in a peculiar way, having a break in their development. The analysis carried out made it possible to identify a number of characteristic features of this development. The post-COVID-19 period has formed a new stage in the evolution of business centers. Demand for this type of building has partially declined. Existing buildings began to partially or completely reorient themselves to other activities. At this stage, the most promising option for multistory complexes is their transformation into hotels or residential buildings.

Our paper focuses on the leading approaches to planning and construction of business parks that represent the novel type of office buildings. Business parks gained wide popularity in the past several decades and now represent the fastest-growing segment of the office building stock. Nowadays, planning and construction of modern business parks and office centres involves maintaining a certain code and specific rules that involve sustainability, energy efficiency, energy saving, and the use of renewable energy sources (RES). We find that the requirements for the office buildings in the 21 st century are quite different and more fastidious that those imposed in the previous century. Our analysis reveals that the prerequisites for urban planning and architecture connected to modern business parks is quite similar worldwide. In appears that all projects follow the same pattern and copy each other functionality and other feature. Moreover, it appears that the usage of modern office building is also following the same pattern with coworking being on the rise as the number of global nomads is increasing. Our results show that modern business parks and office centres constitute the new step in the modernisation and the development of the global and digital economy, yet they are required as the hubs for socialisation and networking. 1 Introduction Generally, if someone were to put it in simple terms, commercial or office park constitutes a spacious area comprised of a large number of office buildings (Cybriwski 1999). The companies that occupy the offices in a typical business centres and office parks are usually trading companies, not industrial companies. Business parks and office centres are popular in suburbs, where land is much cheaper than in urban areas. Office parks became popular in the recent years with the shift in the economies of the developed Western countries from industrial production to services (such as commercial, financial, digital, etc.) (Barnett 2017). Moreover, the globalisation and digitalisation of the economy enabled companies to provide their services on the global scale using Internet and information communication technologies (ICTs). Physical personal contact with the customer is no longer needed and all communication can be conducted via telephone or Internet (Richter et al. 2017). When people think of different types of commercial real estate, they usually think of shopping malls, office buildings or warehouses at a high level. In the commercial real estate industry, however, the definition of real estate types is far more precise (Holland et al. 2000). There are different types of commercial property with the typical definition of each category. A facility for converting raw food and meat products into packaged products for institutional or retail use. Food processing equipment usually includes many special design features to meet the requirements of the health code of a respective country. An essential part of these facilities includes large cooling chambers to minimize bacterial growth and...

This article analyses the dynamics of changes in the social structure of large office buildings in the city of Almaty. The main goal is to identify the typological features of the social infrastructure in demand and the trends of their integration. The composition of social facilities during the construction period and their change after the functional operation of the building in the last few years is determined.