Examination of the personal dosimetry records of the past five years from 2012 to 2016 is conducted and average radiation doses received by the staff are calculated including the total accumulated last 5 years doses. The radiation doses were measured using thermo luminescence dosimeters (TLD). The total number of monitored staff was 538 and 274 from our medical center and from the other centers that we cover respectively. RESULTS: The levels of occupational exposures in our hospital and other medical institutions compares very well with the internationally and nationally reported results. The annual average for the five years period under examination in this work was 0.4, 0.8 and 0.5 mSv for the diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation therapy groups respectively. Our minimal detection limit for personal dosimetry reporting is 0.1 mSv. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the measured annual doses were well below the ICRP recommended annual dose limit of 20 mSv. Our results compare very well with the UNSCEAR 2008 report. In general the application of ionizing radiation in Medicine is a safe practice for the occupationally exposed workers.

Nuclear medicine is an area where both patients and occupational radiation doses are among the highest in diagnostic imaging modalities today. Therefore, a good understanding and proper application of radiation protection principles are of great importance. Such understanding will allow optimization of practice that will be translated into cost savings for health care administrations worldwide. This chapter will tackle: radiation protection in the routine practice of both diagnostic and therapy applications in nuclear medicine including PET, diagnostic facility design, safety aspects of the common radionuclides used in clinics, the safety of the pregnant and breast feeding patients, radiation effect of exposure to ionizing radiation, and risk estimates. The chapter will discuss the operational radiation safety program requirements applied to Conventional Nuclear Medicine using Gamma Cameras, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and Radioiodine therapy facilities. The chapter will serve as a quick reference and as a guide to access more detailed information resources available in the scientific literature.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to initially establish both age and weight driven pediatric diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for chest computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at tertiary care medical institution. Another aim was to compare the presented data with internationally published ones. This initial data shall serve as basis for establishing a national DRLs values for pediatric diagnostic CT examinations. Methods: Dosimetric indexes were collected for the chest examination for 93 patients during the past 2 years in a tertiary care medical city. Results: The results are within and below the international reported levels for chest CT in several countries. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of the radiation doses received by the patients in computed tomography is continuous and ongoing process in order to ensure compliance and to optimize clinical imaging protocols. More extensive data acquisition and analysis are required to allow better understanding of the contributing factors leading to less patient radiation dose while preserving the clinical image quality.