This study shows no association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and bone density or fractional calcium absorption in a group of men with a range of bone density values. We conclude that the vitamin D receptor gene alleles probably account at most for only a small part of the genetic component of bone density in men.

Twelve per cent of the group showed evidence consistent with an adrenal enzyme deficiency; 26% had results in keeping with increased adrenal androgen production without an enzyme deficiency. These findings may be of relevance both in the pathogenesis of the features of PCOS and in determining appropriate treatment for individual patients.

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