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The teaching materials in this study were developed using a scientific approach in terms of the structure of their preparation and development. They were developed to direct students to active learning and improve their critical thinking. Critical thinking skills are highly needed to solve complex problems in various situations, including those that arise in the communication technology industry era. This study was designed as a research and development. The subjects of the study were 45 students of 7th grade, and the object was the students' critical thinking skills through the application of teaching materials based on a scientific approach. Teaching materials development was carried out through 1) needs analysis; 2) product design includes the formulation of learning objectives, writing teaching materials following the scientific approach, and deepening the content of the materials; 3) initial product assessment stage, and 4) application of teaching materials. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics using an independent sample t-test. The results show that the teaching materials developed were feasible to use with a score of 4.28 in the very good category. Student responses to teaching materials based on a scientific approach were in the high response category. Based on testing with the independent sample t-test, the P-value obtained was 0.0437 <0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of scientific approach-based teaching materials has an effect on improving students' critical thinking skills.

There are hundreds of studies on the effect of Guided Inquiry Learning by Virtual Laboratory Assistance (GILVLA) in Physics learning in Senior High School on students' learning outcomes in science. The studies have some contradictory results. In order to determine the impact of GILVLA on students' science learning outcomes and to gauge the degree of inter-study variation, a meta-analysis research was done. To find pertinent research that falls under the research's purview, the ERIC, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were investigated. By entering predefined keywords into the databases, it was found that there are 128 articles published in the last decade related to research purposes. Based on the results of the inclusion criteria, there were 24 articles that met the eligible for analysis. The data analysis used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, and the effect size (ES) index of the Hedges-g metric is obtained based on the estimated randomeffects model. The research findings reveal that the total ES of GILVLA on student outcomes in science learning is 0.94, with a standard error of 0.15. This finding suggests that GILVLA's deployment in Indonesia is effective since it significantly improves students' scientific learning outcomes. Four moderator variables were taken into account while analyzing the degree of variation in the study, and the results revealed significant differences in the sample size (Q=11.45; p0.05) and treatment duration (Q=125.07; p0.05). It was found that the year of study variable (Q=3.71; p>0.05) and a class of study (Q=0.028; p>0.05) did not change the effect size of using GILVLA on students' science learning outcomes. The findings show that the GILVLA model will achieve a high level of effectiveness by considering the sample size and duration of treatment.

This study aims to analyse textbooks used by students based on the scientific approach as the realization of learning objectives using the 2013 curriculum. This study did several things: first, an investigation of the teaching materials used by students based on the scientific approach, second studied the suitability of the content of textbooks used by students with the syllabus in the 2013 curriculum, thirdly investigating the contribution of textbooks used to higher-order thinking skills. Research method used is mixed methods namely descriptive method and survey study at Islamic Junior High School in Medan. There are 3 textbooks that will be analysed, the textbooks from three different publishers which used by the school. The total number of students who participated in this study were 201 students. Where students who participated in the study were selected based on purposive random sampling through certain considerations, the students come from Islamic Junior High School An Nizam, Islamic Junior High School Ulun Nuha, and Islamic Junior High School Al Fityan, the condition and character of schools are almost same, so is expected the homogeneous sample. The results obtained are: (1) From the three books, the results of conformity assessment with the syllabus in book A are 65%, book B is 80%, and book C 40%; (2) The evaluation results of the textbooks by using the scientific steps find that book A obtained a score of 53 in the low category, book B got a score of 58 in the low category, and book C got a score of 55 also in the low category; 3) The results of the assessment of HOTS ability of students from each school that use books A, B, and C are on the average low category.

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