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In this special issue, the first article provides a retrospective look at past articles published in this journal, the themes addressed by the authors, the authors' backgrounds and geographical distribution, and citations. The second article expands upon an earlier article, published in 2000, on hybrid-steering approaches in higher education. The third article takes a look back at a special issue published in 1995 and devoted to the future of universities. In the fourth article, the influence of organizational studies in higher education policy over the past 25 years is discussed. The fifth article reflects on past papers in this journal focusing on the external orientation of universities. In the final article, previously published papers on academic freedom and university autonomy are reviewed with the benefit of hindsight.At the University of Basque Country in Spain, interviews were held with students, academics, and administrators about the effects of globalization and internationalization on the university, the impact of English as the language of instruction, and perceptions of the university's multilingual language policy (English, Spanish, and Basque). The participants did not view globalization and internationalization as a new development but as a continuation of a trend. They valued English as a medium of instruction, but they worried about the threat English posed to linguistic diversity by forcing other foreign languages off the curriculum. Even so, the participants wanted to improve their English. (24 ref)-English Studies,

This article analyses and evaluates the uses of the concept of causal power in the critical realist tradition, which is based on Roy Bhaskar's philosophy of science. The concept of causal power that appears in the early works of Rom Harré and his associates is compared to Bhaskar's account of this concept and its uses in the critical realist social ontology. It is argued that the concept of emergence should be incorporated to any adequate notion of causal power. The concept of emergence used in Bhaskar and other critical realists' works is shown to be ambiguous. It is also pointed out that the concept of causal power should be analysed in an anti-essentialist way. Ontological and methodological problems that vitiate Bhaskar's transcendental account of the concept of causal power are examined. Moreover, it is argued that the applications of the concept of causal power to mental powers, reasons, and social structures in the critical realist social ontology are problematic. The paper shows how these problems might be avoided without giving up the concept of causal power. Tuukka Kaidesoja

This article discusses the theories of social emergence developed by Roy Bhaskar and Mario Bunge. Bhaskar's concept of emergent causal power is shown to be ambiguous, and some of the difficulties of his depth‐relational concept of social emergence are examined. It is argued that Bunge's systemic concept of emergent property is not only different, but also clearer and more consistent than Bhaskar's concept of emergent causal power. Despite its clarity and consistency, Bunge's definition of the concept of emergent property is shown to be too broad and analytically imprecise for the purposes of an emergentist social ontology. It is argued that Bunge's systemic account of social emergence can be developed further by using William Wimsatt's gradual approach to emergent phenomena and his four conditions of aggregativity of a systemic property. It is shown that these conditions provide useful conceptual tools for clarifying and investigating different kinds of mechanisms of social emergence and developing stronger varieties of the concept of emergent social property than that indicated in Bunge's definition of this concept.

Tuukka kaidesoja & ilkka kauppinenAkAteeminen kApitAlismi nykyisessä tiedepolitiikAssA Johdanto Turun yliopisto on profiloinut itsensä yrittäjyys yliopistoksi. Yliopiston nettisivuilla kerrotaan seuraavasti: turun yliopistossa on laadittu yrittäjyyskoulutuksen ja yrittäjyyden strategia, jonka tavoitteena on vahvistaa yrittäjämäistä asennetta ja yrittäjyyttä tukevia toimintatapoja koko yhteisössä. Yrittäjyysyliopisto on ajassa elävä akateeminen ja yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttaja. Yrittäjyysyliopistona turun yliopisto lisää yrittäjyystietoisuutta ja yrittäjyyteen liittyvää koulutusta. (turun yliopisto 2016.