To design safe and electrochemically
stable electrolytes for lithium-ion
batteries, this study describes the synthesis and the utilization
of new deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on the mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
(TFA) with a lithium salt (LiTFSI, lithium bis[(trifluoromethane)sulfonyl]imide).
These prepared DESs were characterized in terms of thermal properties,
ionic conductivity, viscosity, and electrochemical properties. Based
on the appearance of the product and DSC measurements, it appears
that this system is liquid at room temperature for LiTFSI mole fraction
ranging from 0.25 to 0.5. At χ
LiTFSI
= 0.25, DESs
exhibited favorable electrolyte properties, such as thermal stability
(up to 148 °C), relatively low viscosity (42.2 mPa.s at 30 °C),
high ionic conductivity (1.5 mS.cm
–1
at 30 °C),
and quite large electrochemical stability window up to 4.9–5.3
V. With these interesting properties, selected DES was diluted with
slight amount of ethylene carbonate (EC). Different amounts of EC
(
x
= 0–30 %wt) were used to form hybrid electrolytes
for battery testing with high voltage LiMn
2
O
4
cathode and Li anode. The addition of the EC solvent into DES expectedly
aims at enhancing the battery cycling performance at room temperature
due to reducing the viscosity. Preliminary results tests clearly show
that LiTFSI-based DES can be successfully introduced as an electrolyte
in the lithium-ion batteries cell with a LiMn
2
O
4
cathode material. Among all of the studied electrolytes, DES (LiTFSI:
TFA = 4:1 + 10 %wt EC) is the most promising. The EC-based system
exhibited a good specific capacity of 102 mAh.g
–1
at C/10 with the theoretical capacity of 148 mAh.g
–1
and a good cycling behavior maintaining at 84% after 50 cycles.
This research work demonstrates a novel hybrid electrolyte based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with organic solvents for high-performance supercapacitors. DES was formed between ethylene glycol (EG) and lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and diluted by ethylene carbonate (EC) or acetonitrile (AN) with different amounts (10–50% wt.). Such a combination gives superior properties for hybrid electrolytes compared to pure DESs and reduces the volatility of mixed organic solvents. Regarding the electrochemical properties, DES-AN mixtures exhibited a better performance under high applied voltage and more reversible behavior than DES-EC ones, which suffered from the increasing distance in the electrical double layer. DES 1 : 4 + 20% wt. AN exhibited favorable electrolyte properties such as high ionic conductivity (3.1 mS·cm−1 at 30oC), relatively lower viscosity (14.28 mPa s at 30oC, approximately 2 times lower thanDES pure), and quite large electrochemical stability window up to 3.4 V (at 20–30% wt. AN) compared to the baseline electrolyte (LiTFSI/TBABF4 in AN). With these interesting properties, selected hybrid electrolyte (DES 1 : 4 + 20% wt. AN) tested in the symmetric capacitor using the activated carbon offered decent capacitance (15 F·g−1 at 3.4 V with a scanning rate of 1 A·g−1 and remains around 95% after 100 cycles) and good charge-discharge durability (>80% retention after 2000 cycles), especially the EDLC with DES 1 : 4 + 20% wt. AN shows good rate capacity (13.2 F·g−1 at 2 A·g−1, remaining 6 F·g−1 at 10 A·g−1).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.