Abstract:The boundary element method (BEM) has had an advantage of discretizing the boundary over the finite element method and the finite difference method for so long. The curved and straight elements are crucial for the discretization process. In this study, the BEM has been of fundamental importance in as far as solving a two -dimensional Laplace problem is concerned.The BEM, finite element method (FEM), and the finite difference method (FDM) and their applications were reviewed, with the BEM taking advantage of the other two in relation to curved and straight elements. The Laplace equation with its boundary integral formulation was done and the BEM applied. The Dirac-Delta and the Green's functions were behind the use of the BEM. Finally, three model problems were tested for analysis of the BEM and curved elements in relation to solving the Laplace problem. The MATLAB programs and subprograms were used among others to solve the Laplace's equation in the exterior of the Ellipse, interior of a unit circle, calculating the element data for a Dirichlet type problem. The same programs were used in computing the capacitance between the concentric cylinders and eventually in the analysis.Findings showed the fundamental advantageous stage of the curved to straight elements, the suitability of the former to the latter when finding the potential and capacitance uniquely using the BEM. However the method is not applicable to partial differential equations (PDEs) whose fundamental solutions cannot be expressed in the explicit form.

In Uganda, as well as other developing countries, the increasing population stimulates the agricultural-related activities such as irrigation. Irrigation is basically done by humans and generally requires exhaustive physical efforts and involves exposure to errors during irrigation. Despite the advances in the irrigation and its wide spreading applications, irrigation remains majorly manual. Since irrigating is a difficult process especially when irrigating a big piece of land, it is necessary to simplify the process, thus web based system in irrigating was introduced and existing implementations have limitations such as irrigating at wrong hours, continued wastage of water, so prevent all this, a new system that uses a web control to remotely irrigate from a distance has been developed ,therefore main objective of this project is to design and develop a web based irrigation monitoring and control system since it is observed that this method is more reliable and efficient compared to the existing methods. The developed system is able to automatically receive the moisture levels from the field, responds to the different commands sent by the user to do the irrigation and the user is also able to switch on and off the pump.

Objective The aim of this study was to design a domestic water temperature, pH and turbidity monitoring system that could constantly log temperature, pH and turbidity of water and give alerts in case the parameters are outside the acceptable limits for potable water. Results The system was designed, assembled and performed as expected. The study indicates that the proposed and designed system outperforms the existing manual monitoring system as it can constantly track and store changes in water quality. This could be used to prepare better treatment processes as well as identify problems in the water distribution system early enough.

Two-phase pipe flow is a common occurrence in many industrial applications such as sewage, water, oil, and gas transportation. Accurate prediction of liquid velocity, holdup and pressure drop is of vast importance to ensure effective design and operation of fluid transport systems. This paper aimed at the simulation of a two-phase flow of air and sewage (water) using an open source software OpenFOAM. Numerical Simulations have been performed using varying dimensions of pipes as well as their inclinations. Specifically, a Standard k- turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) free water surface model is used to solve the turbulent mixture flow of air and sewage (water). A two dimensional, 0.5m diameter pipe of 20m length is used for the CFD approach based on the Navier-Stokes equations. Results showed that the flow pattern behaviour is influenced by the pipe diameters as well as their inclination. It is concluded that the most effective way to optimize a sewer network system for Tororo Municipality conditions and other similar situations, is by adjusting sewer diameters and slope gradients and expanding the number of sewer network connections of household and industries from 535 (i.e., 31.2% of total) to at least 1,200 (70% of total).

No abstract