Background: Gallbladder (GB) cancer ranks among the first five common cancers in females in Delhi, India. The incidence rate of GB carcinoma is higher in North India compared to South India.Methods: A population based case-control study on 333 GB incident cases was carried out in Delhi to identify the risk factors. Cases were matched with two controls based on age (± 5 years), sex and marital status (in case of females)Results: Smoking and alcohol consumption increase the risk of GB cancer. The risk among those who smoke cigarette (OR=3.05, CI=1.33-6.98) was higher than that seen among bidi smokers (OR=2.25, CI=1.38-3.69). History of typhoid in the past and cholelithiasis increased the risk of GB cancer. Post menopausal women had a significant risk of GB cancer than the menstruating women. Consumption of urad dhal, moong dhal, milk, cottage cheese and butter also increased the risk of GB cancer. Conclusion:Smoking, alcohol consumption, typhoid in the past, cholelithiasis and certain dietary items are the some of the most important risk factors for gallbladder cancer.