Abstract

Ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing characterize intelligent, pervasive and unobtrusive computer systems embedded into human environments, tailored to the individual's context-aware needs. Such miniaturised modern information and communication technology (ICT) supports humans by offering information and guidance in various application areas. Ambient intelligence leads to ambient learning by embedding individual learning activities in every day life. The learners participate and co-operate in, for example, syndicating, re-mixing, or creating learning materials and environments. The main objective of this chapter is to describe the general concepts of ambient intelligence and ubiquitous computing. Thereby, we introduce and analyse various approaches and examples to discuss how the vision of ambient intelligence can support work, learning and knowledge processes. Introduction and DefinitionsThe recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) evolution will definitely influence human life, especially in terms of communication and interaction:A German salesman of a big European company takes part in an interhe already knows, there are various cultural differences between Europe and Asia in general and specifically between Germany and Japan. To prepare for his visit, he tries to learn some polite Japanese phrases. To collect additional cultural as well as historical information, he also visits a local national exchange program and has to travel to Japan for the first time. As

Not-for-Profit (NFP) organizations have specific organizational characteristics as their objectives are ethically motivated and trust is indispensable. Additionally, NFP organizations are often small sized and do not have the expertise to prevent fraud. As a result, an effective risk management is of substantial importance. We use survey data from NFP organizations in Australia and New Zealand (N = 652) to identify factors that influence fraud prevention strategies. Our findings indicate that organizations that have not experienced fraud rely partially on ineffective prevention measures. The occurrence of fraud seems to trigger a learning process that leads to a more sophisticated understanding of internal controls and a more suitable risk management. Our results are applicable to support fraud prevention strategies and are highly relevant for practitioners

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Startup founders often display personality traits associated with charisma and hubris. Existing literature contains rich evidence on the relevance of these traits for traditional investments settings that involve a personal interaction between the entrepreneur and the investor. However, the state of theory development on how hubris and charisma also influence the outcomes of raising seed funding online from non-professional investors can still be considered as nascent as a result of missing empirical evidence. We draw upon dual-process theory and argue that hubris and charisma are of particular relevance as they trigger intuitive decision-making processes of non-traditional investors. Our empirical setting involves a true experiment based on three versions of a crowdfunding pitch video that was recorded in collaboration with a professional actor. The primary outcomes suggest that both hubristic and charismatic entrepreneurs are more successful in sourcing capital from the crowd as they are perceived as more trustworthy and passionate.