Dobbs, TJ, Simonson, SR, and Conger, SA. Improving power output in older adults using plyometrics in a body mass-supported treadmill. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2458-2465, 2018-The purpose of this study was to determine if performing plyometrics in a body mass-supported treadmill would lead to greater increases in power output and functional strength in older adults compared with traditional strength training. Twenty-three participants were randomized to strength (SG, n = 8), plyometric (PG, n = 8), or control (CG, n = 7) groups. The SG and PG exercised 3 times per week for 8 weeks, whereas the CG performed no exercise. Timed sit-to-stand and stair climb, estimated maximal muscular isotonic strength, and isokinetic strength were assessed pre- and posttraining. Significant improvements occurred in the PG vs. CG in the timed chair sit-to-stand (22.11 ± 8.48%; p = 0.013), timed stair climb (14.68 ± 6.28%; p = 0.002), and stair climb power (16.59 ± 9.07%; p < 0.001). PG and SG significantly increased their estimated 1 repetition maximum in the leg extension and single leg lunge (p < 0.05), and PG was significantly more powerful at all 3 velocities in both flexion and extension compared with SG and CG ranging from 24.54 to 61.85% (p < 0.001) except for 60°·s extension during isokinetic testing. Eight weeks of plyometrics in a body mass-supported treadmill can significantly improve functional strength and power in older adults. In this study, the PG increased muscular strength at the same rate or better than the SG without performing any resistance training. The PG also outperformed SG during the functional tests. These results suggest that plyometrics, if modified and performed in a safe environment, can increase muscular strength and power and improve functional abilities in older adults.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this study is to investigate the potential independent relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and cardiometabolic health in youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explore changes in EAT as a potential mediator of changes in cardiometabolic health in response to vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will assess glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and secretion in youth with T2D before and 3 months after VSG. Fasting labs, anthropometrics, and a 4-hour, frequently sampled liquid mixed meal tolerance test (45g carbohydrates, 14g fat, and 14g protein) were performed. Calculations included glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 area under the curve (AUC), Matsuda Index, HOMA-IR, and oral disposition index (DI). These cardiometabolic outcomes will then be assessed for associations between total EAT volume, measured from cardiac MRI. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Previous studies have shown that individuals with obesity have higher EAT than lean controls, and adults with T2D have even higher EAT than obese controls. Therefore, we anticipate that our participants will have higher volume of EAT than what has been reported in the literature and that they will have worsening cardiometabolic outcomes without MBS. Our anticipated results will include: Weight and BMI, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes medications, Matsuda Index, HOMA-IR, DI, and glucose and insulin AUC during an MMTT. Cardiac MRI's are being analyzed and will give total EAT volume and will be analyzed for correlations with the cardiometabolic outcomes of body composition, aortic stiffness, blood pressure, cardiac structure and function, as well as lipid panel and insulin sensitivity. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to specifically assess EAT in adolescents with T2D. The assessment of EAT will be done with gold-standard MRI and correlated with cardiometabolic health assessed by gold-standard methods. Together, the results will give insight into EAT as a potential independent cardiometabolic risk factor in adolescents undergoing VSG.

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