Oral bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius, contribute to tooth decay and plaque formation; therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to prevent dental caries and plaque formation. We recently showed that organo-selenium compounds covalently attached to different biomaterials inhibited bacterial biofilms. Our current study investigates the efficacy of an organo-selenium dental sealant (SeLECT-Defense TM sealant) in inhibiting S. mutans and S. salivarius biofilm formation in vitro. The organo-selenium was synthesized and covalently attached to dental sealant material via standard polymer chemistry. By colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and confocal microscopy, SeLECT-Defense TM sealant was found to completely inhibit the development of S. mutans and S. salivarius biofilms. To assess the durability of the anti-biofilm effect, we soaked the SeLECT-Defense TM sealant in PBS for 2 mos at 37°C and found that the biofilm-inhibitory effect was not diminished after soaking. To determine if organoselenium inhibits bacterial growth under the sealant, we placed SeLECT-Defense sealant over a lawn of S. mutans. In contrast to a control sealant, SeLECTDefense TM sealant completely inhibited the growth of S. mutans. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of SeLECT-Defense TM sealant against S. mutans and S. salivarius biofilms is very effective and durable.

Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS) is a rare neoplasm of infancy that occurs most frequently in the extremities, and when presenting in the skin, may sometimes resemble infantile hemangiomas or other vascular lesions. Clinically, these tumors differ from hemangiomas in the time of onset, morphology, and growth pattern and must be evaluated histologically for definitive diagnosis. We describe an infant with a neoplasm involving the distal left forearm initially presumed to be a vascular lesion after evaluation by two separate ultrasound studies. He presented at seven weeks of life with a multinodular lesion that had enlarged significantly since birth, and the skin biopsy revealed a fibrosarcoma. This case highlights an unusual cutaneous presentation of CIFS, which varies in appearance from the previous 12 cases reported in the literature. We review the clinical manifestations of these congenital masses and emphasize early diagnosis for conservative therapy and improved prognosis.

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stable. She was transitioned to an oral prednisone taper to further treat her active but improving rash. A skin biopsy, collected prior to treatment, showed a subcorneal pustule with neutrophils and eosinophils consistent with a diagnosis of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (Figure 2). The rash resolved with the prednisone taper after 38 days. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has left health care providers across the world in search of treatment options to combat the virus. This case highlights a severe cutaneous adverse reaction to HCQ, which is currently being used empirically, despite a lack of evidence to support its use. 9 In classic AGEP, onset occurs within 48 hours of drug initiation, and most cases resolve within 2 weeks after the offending medication is stopped. 1,4,5 In reported cases of HCQ-induced AGEP, there is a longer latency period, ranging from four to 30 days. Additionally, the duration of the eruption may be lengthy, up to 81 days, and prolonged treatment with systemic steroids or cyclosporine may be necessary to treat the reaction. 4-8 It is possible that the protracted course is secondary to HCQ's long half-life. 4,5 Our patient's presentation was likely somewhat attenuated, with fewer pustules, due to the systemic steroids she received prior to presentation. The absence of reliable, rapid COVID-19 testing contributed in this case. While HCQ is generally well-tolerated, dermatologic adverse effects can occur and may be severe.

This analysis summates the current evidence regarding the use of BV in treating CD30 MF and PC-ALCL. Preliminary results indicate that BV is effective for CD30 CTCL, however additional studies with larger sample sizes are necessary. The study provides clinicians with the clinical context in which BV may be appropriate as well as information regarding therapeutic expectations and outcomes.