Background: Osteoporotic hip fracture is a common general health problem with a significant impact on human life because it debilitates the patients and largely decreases their quality of life. Early prevention of fractures has become essential in recent decades. This can be achieved by evaluating the related risk factors, as a reference for further intervention. This is especially useful for the vulnerable patient group with comorbidities. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a major complication of liver cirrhosis, may increase the rate of falls and weaken the bone. This study evaluated the correlation between hepatic encephalopathy and osteoporotic hip fracture in the aged population using a national database. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2012. We included people who were older than 50 years with hepatic encephalopathy or other common chronic illnesses. Patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy were matched at a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, and index year. The incidence and hazard ratios of osteoporotic hip fracture between the both cohorts were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results: The mean age of the enrolled patients was 66.5 years. The incidence ratio of osteoporotic hip fracture in the HE group was significantly higher than that in the non-HE group (68/2496 [2.7%] vs 98/9984 [0.98%]). Patients with HE were 2.15-times more likely to develop osteoporotic hip fractures than patients without HE in the whole group. The risk ratio was also significantly higher in female and older individuals. The results were also similar in the comorbidity subgroups of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, senile cataract, gastric ulcer, and depression. Alcohol-related illnesses seemed to not confound the results of this study. Conclusions: HE is significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic hip fractures, and the significance is not affected by the comorbidities in people aged more than 50 years. The cumulative risk of fracture increases with age.

BackgroundOsteoporotic hip fractures debilitate the patients and largely decrease their life quality. Early prevention of the fracture is essential in the recent decades by finding out the related risk factors as reference of further intervention. Hepatic encephalopathy, a major complication of liver cirrhosis, may increase the rate of falling down and weaken the bone quality. Few papers emphasized the association between hepatic encephalopathy and osteoporotic hip fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2012. Patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy were matched at a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, and index year. The incidence and hazard ratios of comorbidities related to aging and poor lifestyle were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsIn total, 2496 patients with hepatic encephalopathy and 9984 patients without hepatic encephalopathy were enrolled. The average age of the patients was approximately 66.5 years. The incidence of comorbidities did not significantly differ between patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Patients with hepatic encephalopathy were 2.15-times more likely to develop osteoporotic hip fractures than patients without hepatic encephalopathy in the whole group and the risk ratio was significantly higher in female patients. Those who were aged 50–64 and 65–79 years were respectively 3.57- and 2.51-times more likely to develop osteoporotic hip fracture compared to their non-HE counterparts. The results were also similar in the comorbidity subgroups of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, senile cataract, gastric ulcer and depression. The cumulative incidence of the fractures significantly differed between patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy.ConclusionsHepatic encephalopathy is significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic hip fractures and the significance was not affected by the comorbidities. The risk cumulated steadily through time goes by.

Background: Osteoporotic hip fracture is a common general health problem with significant impact of human life because it debilitates the patients and largely decrease their life quality. Early prevention of the fracture is essential in the recent decades by finding out the related risk factors as reference of further intervention, especially for the vulnerable patient group with comorbidities. Hepatic encephalopathy, a major complication of liver cirrhosis, may increase the rate of falling down and weaken the bone quality. This paper is aimed to finding out the correlation between hepatic encephalopathy and osteoporotic hip fracture in the aged patients from our national population. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2012. We focus on people who were older than 50 years old, using hepatic encephalopathy as compare grouping accordance, and finding the influence of the other common chronic illness. Patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy were matched at a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, and index year. The incidence and hazard ratios of comorbidities related to aging and poor lifestyle were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results: The average age of the enrolled patients was approximately 66.5 years. The incidence ratio of hip fracture in HE group was 68/2496 (2.7%), which was significantly higher than that in non-HE group as 98/9984 (0.98%). Patients with hepatic encephalopathy were 2.15-times more likely to develop osteoporotic hip fractures than patients without hepatic encephalopathy in the whole group and the risk ratio was also significantly higher in female and older patients. The results were also similar in the comorbidity subgroups of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, senile cataract, gastric ulcer and depression. Alcohol-illness seemed to be not confound the results of this study. Conclusions: Hepatic encephalopathy is significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic hip fractures and the significance was not affected by the comorbidities in people aged more than 50 years old from the results of our study, and the fracture cumulative risk increased with age based on log-rank test.

Background: Osteoporotic hip fracture is a common general health problem with significant impact of human life because it debilitates the patients and largely decrease their life quality. Early prevention of the fracture is essential in the recent decades by finding out the related risk factors as reference of further intervention, especially for the vulnerable patient group with comorbidities. Hepatic encephalopathy, a major complication of liver cirrhosis, may increase the rate of falling down and weaken the bone quality. This paper is aimed to finding out the correlation between hepatic encephalopathy and osteoporotic hip fracture in the aged patients from our national population.Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2012. We focus on people who were older than 50 years old, using hepatic encephalopathy as compare grouping accordance, and finding the influence of the other common chronic illness. Patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy were matched at a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, and index year. The incidence and hazard ratios of comorbidities related to aging and poor lifestyle were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression modelsResults: The average age of the enrolled patients was approximately 66.5 years. The incidence ratio of hip fracture in HE group was 68/2496 (2.7 %), which was significantly higher than that in non-HE group as 98/9984 (0.98 %). Patients with hepatic encephalopathy were 2.15-times more likely to develop osteoporotic hip fractures than patients without hepatic encephalopathy in the whole group and the risk ratio was also significantly higher in female and older patients. The results were also similar in the comorbidity subgroups of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, senile cataract, gastric ulcer and depression.Conclusions: Hepatic encephalopathy is significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic hip fractures and the significance was not affected by the comorbidities in people aged more than 50 years old from the results of our study, and the risk cumulated steadily through time goes by. These patients would benefit from controlling their hepatic encephalopathy and reducing the subsequent osteoporotic hip fractures.