This paper discusses the design load cases that are critical for offshore wind turbines installed in hurricane-prone regions on the US Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Results of a literature review on the research on the design load case for hurricane conditions are first presented in the paper, followed by the models and results of the case studies using the conceptual designs of a monopile, a tripod and a jacket type support. The characteristic structural responses of offshore wind turbines under hurricane conditions are evaluated with the consideration of the dynamic interaction among the turbine rotor-nacelle assembly, support structure and foundation. The correlations between those responses and various design parameters including the turbine operating mode, design environmental condition, site location and support structure configuration are of particular interest. Based on the literature review and the case study results, recommendations are made for the hurricane design load cases.

A new set of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) based structural design criteria that is compatible to the existing Working Stress Design (WSD) criteria in the ABS classification rules for mobile offshore units (MOUs) and floating production installations (FPIs) has recently been developed. This paper presents an overview of the new LRFD-based structural design criteria with a primary focus on their applications, the load combinations, and the partial safety factors. The paper also presents a summary of the verification case studies for typical MOUs and FPIs. The case study results provide a direct comparison between the new LRFD-based design criteria and the current ABS WSD criteria, which have been used for designing numerous MOUs and FPIs. The verification case studies demonstrate the suitability of the LRFD-based design criteria. The new LRFD-based design criteria are expected to provide an alternative method to designers, owners and operators, who can choose their preferred design approach that meets the local national requirements and better utilizes their experience and resources.

Fatigue analysis of offshore wind turbines (OWT) support structures could be a costly process, particularly for those having complex geometries and connections such as jacket-type support structures. This paper presents the study on the applicability of the spectral fatigue analysis method to OWT support structures and the use of the scatter diagram lumping method to accelerate the time-domain fatigue analysis.The spectral fatigue analysis method has long been used in the design of offshore platforms in the offshore oil and gas industry. The applicability of this method to the monopile foundation of OWT was studied in the past with some success. However, few studies have been done for OWTs supported by more complex substructures such as jackets. This paper presents the results of a recent study in which systematic benchmark analyses are carried out to evaluate the applicability of the spectral fatigue analysis to OWT support structures. As part of a broader effort to evaluate alternative methods to improve the efficiency of fatigue analysis for OWT support structures, the paper also presents the verification of using various lumping schemes for the three-dimensional scatter diagram to accelerate fatigue analysis in the time domain.A monopile and a jacket, each of which carries the NREL 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine, are selected for the benchmark study. The equivalent structural model representing the jacket in the fully-coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic analysis using the NREL FAST program is derived based on the procedure verified through the IEA OC4 project. Load mapping procedures in both the frequency domain and the time domain are developed to allow the time series of global loads calculated using the NREL FAST program to be passed on to the detailed model of the support structure. The spectral fatigue analysis method is adapted from API RP 2A, while the benchmark results are calculated using the time-domain fatigue analysis method. The application of two different scatter diagram lumping schemes to the monopile and the jacket-supported OWTs is evaluated through the comparison with reference solutions obtained using the full scatter diagram.Significant discrepancies are observed between the spectral fatigue analysis results and the benchmark results from the time-domain fatigue analysis. The verification of scatter diagram lumping schemes indicates that the recommended method is effective and can be applied to significantly reduce the cost of performing the timedomain fatigue analysis for OWT support structures, in particular those with complex configurations.

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