In this study, the physical characteristics and metal contents of particulate matter (PM) have been determined. In this scope, PM sampling has been done at 5 stations (Avcılar, Beşiktaş, Kilyos, Rasathane, Göztepe) for 2 years. PM filter samples were collected for 8 different size(<0.43 µm, 1-0.43 µm, 1-1.7 µm, 1.7-2.6 µm, 2.6-3.5 µm, 3.5-5 µm, 5.2-6.5 µm, 6.5-8 µm and >8 µm) using the cascade impactor. PM filters were decomposed and analyzed for 8 metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and V). According to the results, trace element concentrations at all the stations were at least 2 times higher than at the Kilyos station which was selected as the urban background station. Pb, Cd and V elements are mainly present in fine fraction of PM, while Cu, Mn and Fe mass is found in coarse fraction of PM. Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) values for crustal element (Fe, Cr, Cu and Mn) were found to be in the coarse size fraction and anthropogenic element (Pb, Cd and V) were found to be in the fine particles. The major PM source was observed industrial facilities at the Avcılar; traffic and domestic heating at the Beşiktaş, Göztepe and Rasathane.
This study aims to determine the in-vehicle and outdoor fine particle (PM 2.5) concentration and particle number concentration (PNC) for six size ranges (0.3-0.5 µm, >0.5-1.0 µm, >1.0-3.0 µm, >3.0-5.0 µm, >5.0-10 µm, and >10 µm). The measurement campaign was conducted in the morning and evening onboard the Metrobus, red-bus and outdoors. PM 2.5 concentration in the Metrobus and red bus were observed as 58.8±10.2 µg/m3 and 76.2±30.9 µg/m3 respectively, and the outdoor value was about 2 times more. For both types of public transportation, the ratio of the amount of internal environment PM and the amount of external environment PM displayed a high level of correlation (redbus/outdoors, R=0.97; Metrobus/outdoors, R=0.88) with the PM size. The number of commuters, vehicle ventilation type and outdoor air entering the vehicles probably caused the differences in in-vehicle particle concentrations.
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