No abstract

Relevance. Reliable criteria for determining the region of origin of fruit products attract the constant attention of researchers in various countries. A number of approaches aimed at solving this problem are already known, and some progress has been made in interpreting experimental data for fruits on the content of stable isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. It is possible that information about the fractionation of stable isotopes of magnesium will allow us to obtain equally important and reliable information to achieve the same goals.Methods. A mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma, standard samples of stable isotopes of magnesium produced in Russia were used to perform the work. The total concentration of magnesium cations was determined by atomic absorption in the flame and on the capillary electrophoresis system.Results. During the research, the mass and percentage ratio of three stable isotopes (24Mg, 25Mg, 26Mg) in the studied samples of apples grown in different soil and climatic zones was established. The data obtained reflect the relative prevalence of isotopes of this element, expressed in the ratio of the least common isotope to the most common. The deviation of the isotopic composition of Mg prototypes from the conventional standard was determined, significant deviations were obtained for the magnetic isotope 25Mg and non-magnetic 26Mg. The initial data on the fractionation of stable isotopes of magnesium in raw materials growing in different regions were obtained, with the aim of possible subsequent use as indicators in biochemical and physiological studies. A combination of the obtained information on Mg isotopes is assumed, taking into account the content of isotopes of other metals, which will make it possible to specify the region of growth of raw materials with greater reliability.

Relevance. Soil cultivation in the aisles of perennial plantations has its own characteristics. In this connection, there is a constant improvement of units for tillage.   Methods. The present research in the direction of no-till maintenance of row spacings was carried out in the conditions of fruit-bearing apple orchards of the varieties Renet Simirenko, Idared, located in AO “KSP “Svetlogorskoe””, Krasnodar region. Modification of the existing units for tillage was carried out on our own in the conditions of the farm's workshops. Long-term studies of the quality of work of the units and the advantages obtained through their operation have been carried out.   Results. А constructive scheme of a double-row discator with cut-out discs in conjunction with needle rotary discs for surface tillage in the aisles of apple orchards was proposed, which makes it possible to improve the qualitative performance of the discator, reduce specific, energy and labor costs, change the intensity of seam turnover, and create a multifunctional tillage unit in the future, capable of carrying out not only surface tillage, but also (after replacing the working organs) to cut rows, ridges, and apply physiologically active substances. Optimized modes of operation of the modernized double-row discator BDM 2.5 x 2 in the spacing of garden plantings have been developed: at the working speed of the discator BDM 2.5 x 2 7–8 km/h, the productivity was 2–2.3 ha/h, the tillage depth was 7–15 cm, the soil was crumbled into fractions up to 50 mm in size, weeds were cut to 98 %, the ridging of the soil was 5–17 cm, the fuelconsumption was 6–6.5 kg/ha, the traction resistance did not exceed 980 kg.