In some developing nations like Nigeria, poverty and epileptic power supply are the twin problems impeding people from the use of refrigeration-based air conditioning systems to achieve thermal comfort. Direct evaporative cooling is a viable option of achieving thermal comfort especially in hot and dry climates. Direct evaporative coolers, apart from their low power requirements, are relatively cheap and are environment friendly. This paper attempts to estimate the direct evaporative cooling potential of some selected cities in Nigeria using the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) model. The model stipulates that a conditioned space is thermally comfortable if not more than 20% of the occupants are thermally unsatisfied. These selected cities are Enugu, Kano, Jos, Maiduguri and Mubi-South. The computed PPD for the months of January through December for the selected cities were determined. The computed PPD of these cities reveal the suitability of using evaporative coolers in the months of January and December for Enugu; all the twelve months for Kano; January, February, March, April, May, September, October, November and December for Jos; January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November and December for Maiduguri and, all the twelve months for Mubi-South, because their computed PPD in these months are less than 20%. This, however, shows that there is high potential of using direct evaporative coolers in Kano, Jos, Maiduguri and Mubi-South which can be attributed to the relative high outdoor temperatures and low relative humidity. Apart from Enugu, direct evaporative coolers are recommended in these areas and in areas with similar climatic characteristics.

8 Gidan Kwanu Primary and Secondary School, Minna Niger state. Corresponding author Heavy metal has been widely reported to record variable health effect. Among the major contributors of heavy metals to the environment is technological advancement, and if not properly checked their presence to outbreak of disease, short life span, cancer and other related effects (Isa Khan et al. 2008). Effort have been made by researchers across the globe in studying heavy metals and their sources. In 2006, Trang lead his team to study dust in the metropolitan city of reported variable concentrations in Cd, Cu and Pb, in the sequence Cd>Ni>Zn=Pb>Cu using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) The transmission of this heavy metals and their health effect were studied in Beijing, considering the irrigation system (long waste water). The results was WHO, and SEPA. The finding shows relative ABSTRACT In the toxicological aspect, uncontrolled amount of heavy metals is deadly, to the environment and its inhabitants. To complicate issues, reviewed work has revealed that technological advancement is one of the key sources of heavy metals. This can lead to outbreak of diseases, decrease of life span, cancer, and other related effects. Providing sustainable environment, the concentration of these metals need to be periodically regulated. This research studies the effect of some selected heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Mn) in Kano State Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results were compared with other related work conducted in some states across Nigeria (Akwa Ibom, Kwara, Kaduna, and Bauchi States) and standard international FAO, SEPA and US EPA). The parameters analysed were; Concentration, Bioaccumulation (Plant concentration factor -PCF), Transfer factor (TF), Daily Intake of Metals (DIM), and Health Risk Index (HRI). Statistical package (SPSS) was used, to esbetween these metals in all the sites. The result showed that there were substantial absorption of these metals by the plants and the consumers. Children were more exposed than adults in terms of DIM and the HRI. The comparison sho parameters investigated. All the biological samples the TF>1, this will aid in having sustainable environment to the resident and citizen of the state in particular and the nation in gener initiation of safe comprehensive remedy of the subject matter. varied across states and plants.

Twenty-eight (28) Red Sokoto does (RSD) weighing on the average 17.86 kg were assigned to four different diets treatment (1,2,3 and 4). Ginger was added in different levels with treatments 2, 3 and 4 containing 250 g, 500 g and 750 g respectively in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with 0 g ginger. The animals were fed at 4% body weight. Feed intakes, weight gain and cost implication were measured and recorded. Results showed that Red Sokoto Does (RSD) fed diet containing 0 g and 750 g levels of ginger inclusion had a significantly (P<0.05) higher total feed intake (137.71 kg and 137.70 kg) respectively than other levels. Animals fed (750 g) ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain (10.78 kg). Feed conversion ratio was best (12.81) in the treatment fed 750 g ginger inclusion level with similar values (P>0.05) across the treatments. Kids from RSD fed 500 g ginger inclusion level recorded a significantly (P<0.05) higher weight at birth, final weight, total weight gain and daily weight gain (2.40 kg, 9.60 kg, 7.20 kg and 120.00 g) respectively. The kids were monitored from kidding to weaning stage (three months after kidding). Feeding diet containing 750 g ginger to pregnant RSD reduced the cost of feeding/kg gain by 31% compared to the control. The study revealed that levels of ginger inclusion improved weight gain of both RSD and their kids and saved feeding cost per kg weight gain of RSD.

The lack of regular Control of pollution produce from industries affects both air and soil in the environment. Vegetable Amaranth and Sunflower flower were used to study the presence of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu) produced as pollutants, within five (5) selected areas in Kano state, Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), was used to analyze the samples obtained. Six (6) parameters; Daily Intake of metals (DIM), Daily Intake Rate (DIR), Average daily Dose (ADD), Cancer Risk (CR), Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI), were computed. 60, 05, 30, 50, 02 and 09 mg/kg were the highest values of HQ found to be for Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cu respectively, and are not within the safe range a reported by international standards. However 2.0 X 10 daily dose obtained for Cd and Ni respectively. However when the average daily dose (ADD) was computed, 5.0X 10 01 was the highest value obtained and 2.0 X 10 found to be the highest values for the Cancer Risk (CR) for Cd and Ni respectively. ADD and CR were computed and compared with referral oral dose, but no possible deleterious health impact observed with respect to international standard