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The need for application of modem approaches like Remote Sensing and GIS techniques has been emphasized for efficient management of water resources (Jha et aI., 2007). In recent years, use of satellite remote sensing data along with GIS and topographical maps has made it easier to establish the base line information on water resource planning. To identify the suitable sites for surface water conservation structures, GIS has been found to be an effective tool using satellite remote sensing data, topographical maps and collateral information (Krishnamurthy et al., 2000). The study on water budgeting was undertaken in order to assess the water deficit /surplus in every sub-watershed of Pingalgarh watershed located in Parbhani district of Maharashtra state (India). Various thematic maps viz., land use /cover, geomorphology, hydrological soil group, slope, Lineament, land capability, soil texture and soil depth were generated using RS and GIS. Drainage line delineation and water bodies mapping were undertaken using satellite images. The data on area of each crop and population in each sub watershed were collected to estimate the total water requirement. Cadastral map for the study area was geo-referenced. The surface runoff potential was estimated using curve number technique. Based on the water deficit in each sub watershed and by integrating the thematic maps of geomorphology, land use, soil texture and land slope by UNION tool in arc GIS, the suitable location of water harvesting structures were decided preferably on the 1st and 2ndorder streams and marked on the satellite image along with its latitude and longitude. Based on the present water deficit in each sub watershed and considering the geomorphology and land use, the water harvesting structures like cement plugs and percolation tanks are suggested for improving the surface and ground water availability.

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A field experiment was conducted during consecutive three rabi seasons (2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12) at Water Management Research Station, Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. Experiment had two main treatment of sorghum varieties as V1-SPV 1595 (Parbhani Jyoti) and V2-AKSV 18R (PKV Kranti) and five sub treatments of irrigation schedules such as I 1-drip at 100% ET c , I 2-drip at 75% ET c , I 3-drip at 100% ET c during critical growth stages only, I 4-surface control at 0.8 IW/CPE and I 5-rainfed in statistical design FRBD with three replications. Gross plot size of 6.6 x 5.4 m and net plot size of 4.8 x 6.0 m for wide row (2.4 x 6.0 m) for pair row of 30 cm after 90 cm spacing. Three years pooled data of rabi sorghum revealed significantly highest grain yield (57.67 q/ha) in treatment I 1 irrigation schedule. The next best irrigation schedule was I 2 with 53.78 q/ha grain yield. Irrigation treatments I 1 and I 2 were at par for grain yield and significantly superior over I 3 , I 4 , & I 5. Among different sorghum cultivar, PKV Kranti has recorded better grain yield (41.85 q/ha) as compared to Parbhani Jyoti (38.44 q/ha). Among different genotypes of rabi sorghum, the grain yield of PKV Kranti was found better for all irrigation schedules. Maximum water use efficiency was recorded (21.37 kg/ha mm.) for irrigation schedule at 75% ET c followed by irrigation schedule at 100% ET c (18.07 kg/ha mm) in 2011-12 year.

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