Aims: To determine the effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of radish. Study Design: The experimental design used for this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four (4) treatments (0, 400, 500 and 600 kgha-1) which were replicated four (4) times. Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted at Federal College of Forestry Jos, Plateau State located in the North Central part of Nigeria between September – October, 2018. Methods: Soil samples were collected and analysed. Agronomic practices such as land preparation, planting, fertilizer application, weeding and harvesting were also carried out. The data was collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, length of roots, diameter of roots, root weight and root yield. Data collected was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Minitab 23 statistical package at 5% level of probability and where significance was determined Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate the means. Results: The findings from this research work revealed that there was no significant effect of Kalli organic fertilizer on the plant height, number of leaves. But the leaf area was found to be significant (p=0.05) at 8WAP with the application of 600 kgha-1 recording the largest (143.30 cm2) leaf. The number of roots, length of roots, weight of root and total yield was found to be significant (P=0.05) on the application of different levels of Kalli organic fertilizer. The application of 600 kgha-1 produced the highest number (35.50) of radish roots, length (24.83 cm) of radish roots, weight (7.20 kg) of radish and total yield (18000 kgha-1) of Radish. Conclusion: Based on this research study it could be concluded that the application of Kalli (600 kgha-1) organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of Radish. It is therefore recommended that organic fertilizer can be applied for optimum production of Radish.

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The simple way to utilized forest resources is to make use of their by-products (firewood and charcoal) in our households. Africa suffered a great deal of energy supply. Nigeria has limited electricity supply in recent years. Gas, kerosene and LNG are exorbitant that poor people cannot afford. The rate of poverty increases especially in a mostly rural community in Nigeria as well as Africa due to bad leadership that common people have no resources to depend on except forest resources where women and children go to bushes. This study assesses the per capita consumption of both the firewood and charcoal daily, weekly, monthly and annually. The rates of consumption determine the usage of fuelwood. The regression analyses were employed to statistically verify the rate of fuelwood consumption. The result indicates that there are high rates of consumption per capita per day (charcoal 0.20kg, firewood 0.09kg), per capita per week charcoal 9.9kg, firewood 4.48kg), per capita per month ( charcoal 181.9kg; firewood 82.5kg) and charcoal 26,937kg firewood 12,042kg). This indicates that people are highly destroying forest daily and alter the natural system of the environment for the sake of fuelwood consumption.

The experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry demonstration farm Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of twelve treatments combination arranged in 3 x 4 factorial (plant population density; 133,333 at 50 x15 cm, 100,000 at 50 x 20 cm and 80,000 plant/ha at 50 x 25 cm spacing and phosphorous; 0, 20, 40 and 60kgP2O5/ha) replicated four times. Data were collected on plant height, leaf count, canopy spread, stem girth, leaf area, leaf area index, number of pods/plant, 100 seeds weight, shelling percentage, pod yield, total biomass and harvest index. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% level of significance. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to compare the means. The result obtained reveals that a plant population density of 100,000 plants/ha and the application of 40 kg P2O5/ha produced the highest growth and yield characters of groundnut respectively. No significant influence of interaction was recorded on the growth and yield characters but significantly influence the yield of the groundnut plant. The interaction between population density of 100,000/ha and phosphorous fertilizer at 40 kg P2O5/ha gave the highest pod yield/ha (2.50 t/ha). It is therefore recommended that a plant population of 100,000 plants/ha and the application of 40 kg P2O5/ha be encouraged for farmers of groundnut in the study area for optimum production.

The experiment was conducted at the Federal College of Forestry Demonstration Farm in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to determine the efficacy of intra-row spacing on the growth and yield of groundnut cultivars on the Jos, Plateau, Nigeria. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used involving four row spacings (15, 25, 35 and 45 cm) and three groundnut cultivars (SAMNUT 22, SAMNUT 23, and SAMNUT 24) arranged in 12 treatment combinations and replicated three (3) times on a 3 m x 3 m plot size with an alley of 0.5 m. Data were collected on plant height (cm), numbers of leaves, branches and pods plant-1, canopy width (cm), 100 seeds weight (g), plant biomass (kg ha-1) and yield (kg ha-1). The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the significance between the treatment effects using F-test in XLSTAT 18 statistical package and where significance was observed, means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The experiment showed that intra row spacing and cultivar significantly (p≤0.001) affected the growth and yield characters of the groundnuts. An intra-row spacing of 45 cm produced the highest growth characters of groundnut and 25 cm row spacing produced the highest yield characters while SAMNUT 24 out yielded the other cultivars producing the highest growth and yield. Based on the afore mentioned, it can be concluded and recommended that SAMNUT 24 is the most suitable cultivar and 25 cm intra row spacing is the optimal spacing for groundnut production in the study area.