In recent years, the electronic sharing of digital images faces a major threat to security, as the existing image transmission infrastructure is mainly based on the trust of third parties. At the same time, the available solutions are placed on the cloud based centralized data center, which is expensive, requires large storage area, and security issues regarding the transmission of data over the network. So, it is needed to develop an image management system which enables sharing and storing of digital images effectively. This paper develops novel multiple share creation schemes with block technology for secure image management (MSCCBT-SIM) systems. The MSCCBT-SIM model allows the user to create consensus with no dependencies on central authorities. It involves an MSC which involves share creation and share encryption using emperor penguin optimizer based ElGamal public key cryptosystem (EPO-EPKC). In addition, the blockchain is used as a distributed data storage mechanism to generate a ledger for permitting access to the user and prevent third party access to the encrypted shares. The application of blockchain technology and MSC techniques helps to achieve decentralization, highly reliable, inexpensive, and secure transmission and storage of digital images. In order to validate the effective performance of the MSCCBT-SIM model, a series of simulations take place and investigated the results interms of different measures. The experimental results ensured the better performance of the MSCCBT-SIM model over the state of art methods.

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In December 2019, the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease was first reported in Wuhan City, the capital of Hubei Province, China, and the virus started to exacerbate throughout the world. This new world health crisis threatens the public with its ongoing pandemic across the globe. This chapter first discusses the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, symptoms and its preventive measures. A timeline of this virus disease by World Health Organisation (WHO) is depicted in this chapter. The authors enlighten the global impact of coronavirus on healthcare systems and the need for technology-empowered solutions to control the spread of this novel virus. In particular, this chapter focuses on the pioneering blockchain technology that has the potential to mitigate and fight against this pandemic outbreak. In addition, this chapter manifests how this distributed record keeping technology and its enriched features could help the healthcare professionals to combat the crisis.

Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that helps people to regulate and manage their information without any intermediaries. This technology emerges as a promising panacea for authentication and authorization with potential for use in every possible domain including financial, manufacturing, educational institutions, etc. Blockchain has its birth through the concept of Bitcoin, a digital cryptocurrency by Satoshi Nakamoto, called as Blockchain 1.0. Blockchain 2.0 came into existence in 2014 with Ethereum and smart contracts. The challenges such as scalability, interoperability, sustainability, and governance led to the next generation of Blockchain also called as IOTA, a blockchainless cryptocurrency for the internet of things runs on the top of their own ledger called Tangle, which is immune towards quantum computers. This disruptive technology evolved to provide cross chain support and more security through Blockchain 4.0. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the various applications of this technology and its advantages and security issues.

The modern pharmaceutical supply chain is a complex process in which researches is carried out to produce drugs and according to the research made the drugs is manufactured and these drugs are distributed from the manufacturer to the pharmacies. This process involves a number of stakeholders from manufacturer, wholesaler, distributor, pharmacies and finally end-users, the patients. At each stage, inventory must be managed based on demand in pharmaceutical products. Inventory management system is vital because an excess of inventory could cost the pharmacy money and it is more complex because it needs to track the lot numbers and expiration dates of medicines. Pharmaceutical supply chain suffers from various issues such as drug shortages, temperature control of drugs, lack of visibility in shipment and storage, inventory management, lack of coordination and the most important one drug counterfeiting. The principal regulatory bodies responsible for drug quality try to solve these issues by various ways. But they are very much unregulated, expensive and fragmented. The blossoming technology, Blockchain by its inherent properties such as immutability, transparency, and distributed nature could solve the problems of pharmaceutical supply chain. This paper starts with an introduction about Drug supply chain and their problems. It elucidates how Blockchain Technology could come to rescue pharmaceutical supply chain. This paper proposes a novel drug supply chain management system along with inventory management based on Blockchain 2.0 specifically Hyperledger Fabric. The proposed system records all transactions using Blockchain, thus helping in tracking the drug along its supply chain as well as solving the issues associated with drug supply chain in an efficient manner. It also measures performance of the proposed system using the Benchmark tool called Hyperledger caliper. The system proves its efficiency in terms of success rate, throughput and transaction latency.