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The development of EUDAQ started as part of the EU-funded Joint Research Activity of the EUDET project "Test Beam Infrastructure" [3,4] in 2005. The goal of the project was the development of a high-precision pixel beam telescope for investigations of the tracking performance of sensor devices. To make this beam telescope a versatile tool for a broad user base and a wide variety of devices, an easy integration strategy for devices under test (DUT) and its DAQ was a priority from the beginning of the project [5]. The interface that was considered to be the most flexible for the user consisted of two separate layers: on the hardware level, the different DAQ systems were to be synchronised using a simple trigger-busy communication protocol; on the software level, the full integration of the DUT into EUDAQ was foreseen as the preferred approach, yet was kept optional.This approach determined the core architecture of EUDAQ [6] which remains today: centralised but distributed core components that communicate with so-called Producers via a custom TCP/IPbased protocol. In this scheme, the latter are responsible for implementing an interface to the individual hardware components, controlling the devices' states and feeding the data into the central data collection unit. Both the beam telescope detector planes and the DUT use the same interface, thus making the framework flexible and independent of any specific hardware. The framework architecture is described in more detail in Section 2.Historically, the most prominent application of EUDAQ is the DAQ of the EUDET-type pixel beam telescopes [7]. They are based on Mimosa26 sensors [8] as telescope planes and a custom-designed trigger logic unit (TLU), the EUDET TLU [9]. Today, the EUDET-type beam telescopes are accessible as common infrastructure at test beam facilities all over the world. This broad availability of beam telescopes combined with the ease-of-use, extensive documentation and user-focus of EUDAQ outlined in Section 3 has led to a large number of successful EUDAQ-based test beam campaigns in the last decade: in Section 4, eleven applications from a wide range of communities are described in more detail.Since the early days of mostly user-driven development, EUDAQ has been moved to a collaborative development model with several active contributors. New features as well as many behind-the-scenes changes such as continuous integration methods paved the road towards the second major version of EUDAQ as briefly outlined in Section 5.
The construction of low mass vertex detectors with a high level of system integration is of great interest for next generation collider experiments. Radiation length images with a sufficient spatial resolution can be used to measure and disentangle complex radiation length X/X 0 profiles and contribute to the understanding of vertex detector systems. Test beam experiments with multi GeV particle beams and high-resolution tracking telescopes provide an opportunity to obtain precise 2D images of the radiation length of thin planar objects. At the heart of the X/X 0 imaging is a spatially resolved measurement of the scattering angles of particles traversing the object under study. The main challenges are the alignment of the reference telescope and the calibration of its angular resolution. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of X/X 0 imaging, a test beam experiment has been conducted. The devices under test were two mechanical prototype modules of the Belle II vertex detector. A data sample of 100 million tracks at 4 GeV has been collected, which is sufficient to resolve complex material profiles on the 30 µm scale.
Ultrashort pulse laser processing can result in the secondary generation of unwanted X-rays if a critical laser irradiance of about 1013 W cm−2 is exceeded. Spectral X-ray emissions were investigated during the processing of tungsten and steel using three complementary spectrometers (based on CdTe and silicon drift detectors) simultaneously for the identification of a worst-case spectral scenario. Therefore, maximum X-ray photon energies were determined, and corresponding dose equivalent rates were calculated. An ultrashort pulse laser workstation with a pulse duration of 274 fs, a center wavelength of 1030 nm, pulse repetition rates between 50 kHz and 200 kHz, and a Gaussian laser beam focused to a spot diameter of 33 μm was employed in a single pulse and burst laser operation mode. Different combinations of laser pulse energy and repetition rate were utilized, keeping the average laser power constant close to the maximum power of 20 W. Peak irradiances I0 ranging from 7.3 × 1013 W cm−2 up to 3.0 × 1014 W cm−2 were used. The X-ray dose equivalent rate increases for lower repetition rates and higher pulse energy if a constant average power is used. Laser processing with burst mode significantly increases the dose rates and the X-ray photon energies. A maximum X-ray photon energy of about 40 keV was observed for burst mode processing of tungsten with a repetition rate of 50 kHz and a peak irradiance of 3 × 1014 W cm−2.
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