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The article provides information on hydrocarbon production in the Russian Federation, accidents at facilities supervised by Rostekhnadzor, and also presents a statistical analysis of the causes of accidents at high-risk facilities. Typical issues of studying the condition of the surface of an oil and gas object are considered on the basis of the electron-projection method that simulates the moiré effect and evaluates the surface topology by a system of of fuzzy inference rules implemented in the structure of a neural network.