Background: Plasmodium falciparum-resistance to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has been largely reported among pregnant women. However, the profile of resistance markers to SP dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) in the general population are varied and not frequently monitored. Currently, SP is used as partner drug for artemisinin combination therapy (SP-artesunate) in some sub-Saharan African countries or as a prophylactic drug in intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy and infants and in seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Profiling of P. falciparum-resistant genotypes to SP is dynamic and critical in providing data that would be useful for malaria control programmes. This study assessed the profile of dhfr and dhps genes genotypes among individuals with malaria in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: Molecular markers of SP resistance were identified by nested PCR and sequenced among malaria positive dried blood spots (DBS) that were collected from individuals attending health facilities from

objective To assess polymorphism in Kelch 13 gene of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Lagos, Nigeria.methods 195 Plasmodium falciparum-positive dried blood spots collected from individuals that accessed diagnostic care at some health facilities and during community surveys across several Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria, were investigated for the presence of mutations in the K13 gene by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using haplotype-specific probes and sequencing.results Three mutant genotypes of K13 gene were observed: A578S in 0.5%, D464N in 0.5% and Q613H in 1.5%. The frequency of K13 polymorphism was 3.1%, while the remaining parasite population had the wild K13 propeller genes.conclusion No validated Kelch 13 polymorphism associated with artemisinin resistance was seen among P. falciparum isolates from Lagos, Nigeria. As no clinical study was done, this could not be correlated with artemisinin sensitivity.

Background. Global response to malaria has stalled, despite increased malaria control efforts worldwide. Antibodies are among the immune factors that play a role in mediating protection in malaria, although the mechanism remain unclear. The study evaluated profile of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and E (IgE) among malaria cases. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional survey of individuals that presented with malaria symptoms and assessed diagnostic care at selected health facilities in Ikorodu Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. Demographic information was recorded using structured questionnaire. Malaria diagnosis was done by microscopy, ELISA was used to evaluate plasma IgG and IgE profiles among malaria positive and control group. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: LgE plasma level (34760.63±2954.5 pg/ml, p=0.005) was significantly higher in malaria positive cases compared with negative control group (19912.12± 6762.6pg/ml, p<0.01). In contrast, no significant difference between IgG levels in malaria positive (4936.53±211.4 pg/ml) and negative cases (4861.64 498.8pg/ml; p =0.297). Age and IgG profile correlated (r = 0.192; p = 0.010); and negative correlation between IgE profile and age although not significant (r= -0.008; p= 0.911). LgE correlated negatively with parasite density, although not significant (r = -0.019; p =0.833). IgG levels correlated with PCV (r =-0.27; p = 0.001), while IgE did not correlate. Conclusion: This study demonstrated increased IgE in uncomplicated malaria cases, and suggests that malaria could be a key differential diagnosis in acutely febrile patients with abnormally elevated IgE levels in malaria endemic area.