ABSTRAKKima merupakan salah satu jenis kerang laut yang telah dieksploitasi oleh nelayan Sulawesi Utara dalam skala besar karena memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan dan kondisi habitat kerang kima di perairan Sulawesi Utara pada tahun [2007][2008][2009]

The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni (commonly referred to as BCF) is a fish endemic to the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi. Recently, Banggai cardinalfish have been introduced to several regions in Indonesia as a side effect of Banggai cardinalfish trading and mariculture. BCF juveniles cultured by the Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BPBL) Ambon were released in several locations around Ambon Bay during 2014 - 2017. Around 20 - 500 BCF were released at each location. This study was carried out in April 2018 as a first monitoring of Banggai cardinalfish population status at all “restocking” locations in Ambon Bay. The data were collected by SCUBA diving using a Belt Transect method, with BCF size classes based on standard length (SL). The results found Banggai cardinalfish at three out of five monitoring locations. The first location was the Ferry Port, where 20 Banggai cardinalfish were released in 2014; the BCF density was 41 fish/100 m2, dominated by adults (> 3.5 cm SL). The second location was behind the Natural Sciences Faculty of Pattimura University where 20 Banggai cardinalfish were also released in 2014; the density was 73 individuals/100 m2 (with evenly distributed size). The third location was the bridge behind the SUPM campus, where 500 Banggai cardinalfish were released in 2016, but only 2 fish/100 m2 (adults > 3.5 cm SL) were found during the study. No Banggai cardinalfish were found at the other two locations, namely the Port of Ambon and Suli Beach, although there were 500 individuals were released at each of those two locations in 2016 and 2017. These result shows that BCF have been able to adapt and breed rapidly in some coastal areas in Ambon Bay that provide suitable habitat for Banggai cardinalfish.

ABSTRACT1. In the planning of marine protected areas for the conservation of coral reef systems, it is important to be able to distinguish between certain bioregions, i.e. regions with distinct species assemblages. This was done off western Halmahera (Moluccas, Indonesia), where three such bioregions were distinguished based on species inventories of 41 coral reef sites.2. The relative value of species belonging to different trophic groups was examined with regard to their possible role as indicators for these three regions. The study focused on ascidians (Ascidiacea), macroalgae, mushroom corals (Fungiidae), and a selection of coral-associated gastropods (Epitoniidae and Coralliophilidae).3. The best results for the detection of bioregions were obtained when datasets of all four trophic groups were pooled. When comparing the taxa and their indicator values, ascidians were the most suitable, followed by macroalgae, corals and gastropods with 98, 83, 71 and 66 % certainties, respectively. The occurrence of 17 species correlated strongly with the bioregions, which therefore were identified as potential indicator species consisting of 13 ascidians, three macroalgae, and one mushroom coral. These data suggest that ascidians have a significant value as indicators to evaluate bioregion boundaries.4. Water quality measurements indicated that salinity and turbidity could be responsible for at least part of the differences between the species assemblages in the three bioregions.

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Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni is an endemic apogonid fish from Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi, which is discovered in strong association with black sea urchin (Diadema spp.). These fish also protected themselves from predators associated with sea anemones, hard coral branching, mushroom coral, soft coral, seagrass, and mangrove roots. The Banggai cardinalfish juveniles generally prefer to associate with sea anemones or mushroom corals as microhabitats. However, they are looking for similar microhabitats if they cannot find sea anemones or mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis. Microhabitat observation of Banggai cardinalfish was carried out in Luwuk waters, Banggai Regency. The result showed a new host record for juvenile phases of Banggai cardinalfish associated with upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda as a microhabitat. Further study is needed to represent areas and seasons to get more evidence between the Banggai cardinalfish and jellyfish association concepts.