Background and Aim Blood transfusion is a frequent and integral part of critical patient care. Even though life-saving, it could be occasionally risky and result in a spectrum of adverse events. Haemovigilance programme is a standard set-up to monitor the entire transfusion chain, evaluate and analyse the data to improve patient's safety. The haemovigilance programme has been established in India very recently. We report the implemented haemovigilance programme at a tertiary care hospital in the north-east of India.Results A total of 51 000 blood components were transfused and 106 adverse events reported during the period of the study. The major stakes of adverse events were febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (50%), pruritus (17Á92%) and rigour/chills (11Á32%). All the adverse events were found to be Grade 1 (non-severe) type, and there were no severe or life-threatening adverse events.

Background:Objectives: 1. To evaluate the magnitude of ocular manifestations in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis 2. To establish a statistical significance of age of patients to duration of disease 3. To establish a statistical significance of duration of disease to frequency of ocular manifestations Method: Study Design: Cross sectional observational study. Sample Size: 144 Duration of Study: 18 months Case control was not required in this study. Investigations:Slit lamp biomicroscopy with 90 D Volk lens was done for anterior and posterior segment examination. Gonioscopy, Applanation Tonometry, Automated Perimetry and Indirect Ophthalmoscopy were done. Dry eye evaluation was done. Statistical Analysis: SPSS version 20 was used with a p value of less than 0.05 taken as significant. Result: Out of 144 patients, females (118) dominated. Ocular manifestations were seen in 53(36.8%) patients, bilateral in 35 (66%) patients and multiple in 32 (60.4%) patients. Dry eye was the most common ocular manifestation (30.5%). The duration of disease was statistically significant (p=0.001) with respect to ocular manifestations and also age groups (p=0.000). Conclusion:Dry eye was the most common ocular manifestation. The duration of disease was statistically significant with respect to ocular manifestations. The duration of disease was statistically significant when co related with age groups. Ocular manifestations are common in Rheumatoid Arthritis and should be evaluated urgently. Earlier diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis helps in reducing ocular morbidity and ophthalmologists should be trained to look for ocular as well as other extra articular manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

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An optic nerve glioma is a slow growing tumour which typically affects children. Malignant gliomas are rare and almost always occur in adult males with a very poor prognosis. It is a brain tumour that arises in or around the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. We describe a case of a 5 year old boy with painless progressive enlargement of the left eye since the past 1 year. He also complained of a loss of vision in the left eye. The father had a history of Neurofibromatosis type 1. The child was clinically evaluated and required investigations were carried out. This was consistent with the diagnosis of optic nerve glioma. Early diagnosis is the key factor and an integrated approach should involve neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, ophthalmologists and radiologists.