Aim: Outbreak of bovine brucellosis in buffaloes aborted in a village Mahuan of District Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh is described. Materials and Methods:A total of 15 serum samples were collected from a aborted buffaloes. All the sera samples were tested by serological tests, Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT).Results: Clinical history of the condition complimented with detailed examination of the affected animals revealed that 50% (15/30) buffaloes were aborted between 6-9.5 months of pregnancy. The main clinical signs presented were fever, discharge from vagina and retention of placenta. There was no response of treatment on buffaloes. The antibodies against B. abortus were detected in 7(46.6%) sera samples by RBPT and in 5(33.3%) by STAT. Conclusion:The buffaloes involved and the severity of abortions, that necessitated veterinary intervention, it would be necessary to asses the prevalence and economic importance of the disease in rural herds of Uttar Pradesh.

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Aim:The study evaluates the microbial as well as physicochemical pollution of groundwater of Brij region of Uttar Pradesh, a major tourist destination in the country along with estimating the drug resistance evident in the isolated Escherichia coli.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 samples of groundwater were collected from six different sites and assessed for physicochemical (pH, color, taste, turbidity, total dissolved solids [TDS], total hardness [TH], chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, and iron) and microbiological parameters (standard plate count [SPC], most probable number test [MPN], E. coli).Results:A majority of the samples were found to be out of the range for most of the parameters except iron. Particularly, high values of TDS (up to 9000 ppm), TH (1500 mg/L), chlorides (3250 mg/L), fluorides (2.5 mg/L), and nitrates (100.2 mg/L) were observed at most of the sites in the region highlighting the fact that groundwater of the area is not potable. Samples were turbid and salty to taste. High SPC values, up to 3500 colony-forming unit/ml and coliforms beyond BIS range were found in 40% samples suggesting gross microbial contamination. Only 2 sites (G3 and G5) had low MPN values. Overall 16 (26.67%) E. coli were isolated with 3 (18.75%) producing red colonies on conge red agar, hence supposed to be pathogenic. No E. coli O157:H7 was isolated. High antimicrobial resistance was observed against amoxicillin and erythromycin, whereas E. coli isolates were sensitive toward cefotaxime-clavulanic acid and imipenem. 12 isolates (75%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) with MDR index >20%, and 2 isolates (12.5%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases positive.Conclusion:Groundwater is considered to be a safe option for potable water but it is obvious from the findings of this study that considerable physicochemical and microbial contamination is there in groundwater samples of Brij region. The occurrence of MDR E. coli in these waters is a matter of great public health concern.

Aim:The present study was conducted to find the association among virulence determinants of verotoxic Escherichia coli (VTEC) isolated from cattle calf feces.Materials and Methods:A total of 216 cattle calf fecal samples were collected aseptically and processed under required conditions for the isolation of E. coli. The isolates were further subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for the detection of virulent genes. All the VTEC isolates were serotyped at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh. The VTEC isolates were observed for the enterohemolysin production on washed sheep blood agar (wSBA).Results:A total of 177 presumptive E. coli were isolated from 216 calf fecal samples revealing an overall prevalence of E. coli to be 81.94%. A total of 32 (14.81%) isolates were detected as VTEC through mPCR. The prevalence of verotoxin genes vt1, vt2, and combination of vt1+vt2 in the VTEC isolates was found to be 12 (37.5%), 14 (43.75%), and 6 (18.75%), respectively. Other virulent genes eaeA and hlyA were found in 6 and 11 VTEC strains with prevalence values of 18.75% and 34.37%, respectively. A total of 13 different O serogroups were revealed in serotyping of 32 VTEC isolates. Out of 32 VTEC strains, only 26 (81.25%) were enterohemolytic on wSBA as they produced the characteristic small, turbid zone of hemolysis around the streaking line. Although enterohemolysin production has been attributed to the presence of hlyA gene, only 11 of 26 enterohemolysin producing VTEC were found to be harboring the hlyA gene (11/26) 42.03%.Conclusion:The present study concludes that there might be an association between the presence of verotoxin genes and enterohemolysin production in VTEC group of E. coli.

Introduction: Burn injuries have major health problem because of its high, morbidity, disability and mortality in young and middle-age people. Burn injuries also have social problems associated with it. It may be associated with accidental, suicidal or homicidal causes. Despite of such importance of burn injuries from clinical and social point of view, there is scarcity of research on burn injuries in India. Thus we tried to highlight our observations in this study which had been undertaken to find out the causes of burn and to clinical profile and treatment outcome of burn patients in the our Institute. Material methods: This observational study was conducted from March 2017 to July 2018 in patients of burn injury who were admitted in general surgical wards of Pandit B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak Haryana. We have studied 226 burn patients who admitted in our general surgical units of our Institute. Burns patients who are above 18 years and both sexes were including in the study and patients less than18 years of age were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 226 patients had burns injuries. 162 were male and 64 female in the ratio of M: F-2.53: 1.Males were mostly affected (71.68%) in comparison to females. Most of the burn patients were in the age group of 21-30 years in this studied.i.e.42.02%. Least patients are seen in 50-75 percentage of burn. As regard to causes, The house hold activities has maximum number of patients as shown and electricity is causing second highest cases (26.99%), less number of patients are suicidal (3.53) and unknown etiology is seen seven cases. Conclusion: Burn injury prevention is very difficult task, but to avoid the significant morbidity and mortality following the burn injury. We have to take every measures to control its incidence. A coordinated and dedicated approach by social workers, medical and paramedical personnel, administrators can only minimize the incidence of burn injury in India.