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This paper presents an ex-post calculation approach for the use-side estimation of wood fellings in Germany. Based on an existing approach for calculating wood removals, all roundwood using sectors and available data sources are to be identified. An intensive analysis and evaluation of the data scope and quality, as well as the subsequent identification of data gaps on the use side are essential parts of the approach. A complementary part of the study is the development of individual sectoral models to close the identified data gaps on the use side. The calculated data on wood removals are then used for the estimation of wood fellings, taking into account variables such as logging residues. The comparison of the use-side calculated data for fellings in this paper, with supply-based data from official statistics, shows that there was a difference of about 16.1 million m 3 in 2013. This tendency toward constant underestimation of fellings in the official statistics is known from various studies and can now be quantified for the complete period of investigation (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013). The results also allow for a more realistic view on a possible sustainable increase in wood harvests and on decision making in forest-based industries. Moreover, they allow for more accurate calculations of carbon sequestration in forests and harvested wood products.

In light of the increasing realisation of the importance of all forest resources, the dichotomisation of forest resources into timber and non-timber is proving to be overly simplistic. Furthermore, at present there is no satisfactory operational definition for non-wood forest products and considering the tremendous variety of forest products it may be doubted that such a definition is possible. This paper examines this inadequacy and its consequences for a productive, holistic approach to the analysis of forest resources and their management. In an attempt to address these problems, a system for dealing with forest resources in a more meaningful, holistic manner is proposed. A clear distinction is made between systems of terms for classification, and terms used for comparison, of forest products. Classifying terms distinguish between classes or groups of objects with similar characteristics while comparative terms serve to highlight differences. Definitions are best served by classifying terms and this paper proposes both logical targets for definitions of forest products and a pragmatic typology for such products.