After radiosurgery or surgery of a limited number of brain metastases, adjuvant WBRT reduces intracranial relapses and neurologic deaths but fails to improve the duration of functional independence and overall survival.

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The management of patients with brain metastases has become a major issue due to the increasing frequency and complexity of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In 2014, the European Association of NeuroOncology (EANO) created a multidisciplinary Task Force to draw evidence-based guidelines for patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. Here, we present these guidelines, which provide a consensus review of evidence and recommendations for diagnosis by neuroimaging and neuropathology, staging, prognostic factors, and different treatment options. Specifically, we addressed options such as surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy, whole-brain radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy (with particular attention to brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and breast and renal cancer), and supportive care. Key wordsbrain metastases | chemotherapy | neuroimaging | neuropathology | stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy | supportive care | surgery | targeted therapy | whole-brain radiation therapy

The management of primary CNS lymphoma is one of the most controversial topics in neurooncology because of the complexity of the disease and the very few controlled studies available. In 2013, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology created a multidisciplinary task force to establish evidence-based guidelines for immunocompetent adults with primary CNS lymphoma. In this Review, we present these guidelines, which provide consensus considerations and recommendations for diagnosis, assessment, staging, and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Specifically, we address aspects of care related to surgery, systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, intensive chemotherapy with autologous stemcell transplantation, radiotherapy, intraocular manifestations, and management of elderly patients. The guidelines should aid clinicians in their daily practice and decision making, and serve as a basis for future investigations in neuro-oncology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15) Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-114449 Accepted Version Originally published at: Hoang-Xuan, K; Bessell, E; Bromberg, J; Hottinger, A F; Preusser, M; Rudà, R; Schlegel, U; Siegal, T; Soussain, C; Abacioglu, U; Cassoux, N; Deckert, M; Dirven, C M; Ferreri, A J; Graus, F; Henriksson, R; Herrlinger, U; Taphoorn, M; Soffietti, R; Weller, M (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: guidelines from the European Association for Neuro-Oncology. Lancet Oncology, 16(7):e322-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045 (15) The management of primary central nervous system (PCNSL) is one of the most controversial topics in neuro-oncology because of the complexity of the disease and the very limited number of controlled studies available. In 2013, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) created a multidisciplinary task force to establish evidence-based guidelines for immunocompetent adult patients with PCNSL. The guideline provides consensus considerations and recommendations for diagnosis, staging and treatment of PCNSL, including surgery, systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy, intensive chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy, intraocular manifestations, and specific management of elderly patients. The guideline should aid the clinicians in everyday practice and decision making and serve as a basis for future research in the field.Dear Editor, Thank you for your suggestions to improve further our paper. Please, find in attached file our revised manuscript which have take into account all your editorial recommendations. You will find below our point by point replies to your editorial comments. We hope that you will find now the manuscript suitable for publication in Lancet Oncology. Kind regardsKhe Hoang-Xuan, MD,PhDResponses to the Editor comments 1) In response to Reviewer 1, comment 2, please revert and move the intraocular lymphoma section back to the appendix as in the original version. RE...