This study was carried out to investigate the effect of somatic cell count (SCC) on milk yield and milk composition in first and second lactation Holstein dairy cows. Thirty cows in first lactation and 49 cows in second lactation were used in the study. Animals were 15±9.87 days in milk. Individual milk samples were collected monthly from June 2009 to March 2010, and somatic cell counts, milk protein, milk fat, lactose and milk urea-N were determined. Four SCC groups were formed for determining effect of SCC on milk yield and composition. These groups were as follows: ≤200, 201-500, 501-999, and ≥1.000¥10 3 cell/mL. It was observed that SCC had a high significant effect on milk yield, milk protein, milk lactose (P<0.01), total solids and milk urea-N (P<0.05), however, the effect of SCC on milk fat was not significant (P>0.05). This study indicates that high SCC negatively affects not only milk yield but also milk composition and quality.

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Hayvansal üretimin en önemli endüstriyel alanlarından biri olan ruminant yetiştiriciliğinde başarı; teorik besleme prensipleri, pratik yetiştirici bilgileri, hayvan sağlığı ve hayvan sayısına bağlıdır. Yüksek verimli hayvanların ve özellikle süt ineklerinin çok sayıda besin maddesine duydukları gereksinmelerin ve bunlar arasındaki dengelerin sınırlı sayıda yemle sağlanmasının olanaksız olduğu, besleme olayında salt besin madde gereksinmesi karşılamanın yeterli olmadığı, bunlar arasındaki oran veya dengelerin de mutlaka dikkate alınması gerektiği günümüzün tartışmasız bir gerçeğidir. Ruminant hayvanların et ve özellikle süt üretiminde gözlenen kayda değer artış tesadüf değil, genetik ilerleme yanında besleme, yem ve yem teknolojisindeki gelişme ile de yakından ilişkilidir. Yem, yem teknolojisi ve hayvan besleme çalışmaları, ekonomik kriterler, sürdürülebilirlik ve ürün kalitesi ile ilişkili olarak son on yılda önemli aşamalar kaydetmiştir. Mevcut çalışma kapsamında, yem kaynakları ve yem teknolojisi, mineraller, vitaminler ve amino asitler, yem katkı maddeleri (antibiyotiklere alternatif büyüme uyarıcılar, rumen modülatörleri, alternatif yem katkıları, sindirime yardımcı eksojen enzimler, bitkisel ekstraktlar, toksin bağlayıcılar ve diğer etkicil maddeler), besleme-ürün (et-süt-döl) kalitesi ve fonksiyonel gıda üretimi (süt ve et), besleme-üreme performansı, besleme-hayvan sağlığı, besleme-çevre sıcaklığı, besleme-küresel ısınma konuları incelenmiştir. One of the most industrialized animal production branches of ruminant production successfully requires a blending of theoretical knowledge of nutritional principles with practical stockmanship, maintaining health and dealing with numbers. It is well known that high yielding, dairy cows, require balanced diet with adequate nutrients for yielding. This is not provided with only a few feedstuffs. Milk production in dairy cows is related to the improvements in genetic merit of farm animals and also developments in feed science, feed technology and animal nutrition. In particular, feeds and feed technology studies associated with sustainability, economical perspectives and product quality in the last decade have been in advance. In the present work, recent advances in feed sources and feed technology, minerals (macro and trace minerals ), vitamins and amino acids, feed additives (antibiotics alternative growth stimulants, rumen modulator, organic acids, antioxidants, enzymes, plant extracts), nutrition-products (meat-milk-progeny) quality and functional food production (milk, meat) nutrition-reproduction, nutrition-animal health, nutrition-environmental temperature, nutrition-global warming were evaluated. Recent Advances in Ruminant Nutrition A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactation number and months on milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC) and udder measurements in Holstein cows. In the study, 30 first lactation and 49 second lactation, totally 79 Holstein cows housing in a farm located in Nigde province (Turkey) were used. Somatic cell count and udder measurements were determined at each visit of the farm per months, while lactation milk yield of each animal was calculated using Test Interval Method. It was observed that the effect of lactation number on lactation milk yield (P<0.01) and SCC (P<0.05) was increased significantly. The effect of lactation number on udder measurements was significant (P<0.01) except front teat length (FTD). Influence of lactation months on milk yield and SCC was increased and statistically significant (P<0.01). The effect of lactation months on distance between front teats (DFT), distance between rear teats (DRT), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD) was significant (P<0.01). A negative correlation was found between SCC and milk yield, front teat clearance from ground (FTC) and rear teat clearance from ground (RTC). On the other hand, a positive correlation was also evident between RTD and distance between front and rear teats. Furthermore, there were positive correlation between milk yield and DFT, DFR, DRT, and FTD, whereas a negative correlation was observed between milk yield and FTC. In conclusion, cows in second lactation showed importantly increased milk yield and SCC as compared to cows in first lactation, whereas FTC and RTC decreased and other udder measurements increased.