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Background: Epilepsy is a neurological illness that affects people of all ages and is characterized by excessive electric activity in the brain. This causes social embarrassment coupled with side effect of orthodox medication; hence, the needs to search for plant with antiepileptic agent. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the anticonvulsive effects of Methanol extract of  Harungana madagascriensis leaves on the isoniazid-induced (300 mg/kg, i.p) seizure in adult mice. Study Design: This is an original research carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria, between Jan and June, 2021. Methodology: The pulverized leaf of Harungana. madagascariensis was extracted using cold maceration and the phytochemical screening was carried out by the method of Treas and Evans The acute toxicity study was evaluated by the method of Lorke’s and Anticonvulsant study was carried by the method of Webster and Velluci. Data generated was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Flavonoids, Phenols, and terpenoids appeared in abundant concentration (4264.00 ±360.2,14065.00 ±538.4, 5484.00±30.4). Acute toxicity tests showed no toxicity and mortality at doses up to 5000 mgkg-1. Anticonvulsant study revealed that the extract significantly (p =.05) delayed the onset of clonic seizure in a dose dependent manner and abridge the duration of siezure on the group treated with 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w of extract compared with normal control when induced with isoniazid (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusion: The results suggest that methanol extract of Harungana. madagascariensis leaves may have anticonvulsant activity, coupled with the presence of active secondary metabolites such as saponins, steriods and flavoniods which has a potentials for the management of epilepsy.

Phytochemicals are broad, largely studied compounds isolated from plants, generally regarded as a research compound than a nutritive molecule. In recent times, the pharmaceutical industry employs plants in the synthesis of novel drugs and active ingredients. These drugs and ingredients effectively manage neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, cancer, obesity, and other chronic-degenerative diseases. Although it still remains to be elucidated, the therapeutic strategies in synthesizing novel compounds. In this review, we discuss the major classification of phytochemicals, in addition to its biochemical mechanism of action. Furthermore, this study detailed the biosynthetic cascade of various phytochemicals and explained the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism on various disease processes. Therefore, this review discusses the multifunctional bioactivity of phytochemicals. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammation that can grossly affect the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease is the most known type of IBD and has been the focus of attention due to its increase in prevalence worldwide. Although the etiology is yet to be elucidated, recent studies have pointed out Crohn’s disease to arise from a complex interaction between environmental influences, genetic predisposition, and altered gut microbiota, resulting in dysregulated adaptive and innate responses. The presenting hallmarks of Crohn’s disease may include weight loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, or chills. Treatment is usually done with many approved immunosuppressive drugs and surgery. However, a promising avenue from natural compounds is a safer therapy due to its safe natural active ingredients and the strong activity it shows in the treatment and management of diseases. Diosgenin, “a major biologically active natural steroidal sapogenin found in Chinese yam,” has been widely reported as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various classes of disorders such as hyperlipidemia, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, infection, and immunoregulation. In this review, an analysis of literature data on diosgenin employed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Crohn’s disease is approached, to strengthen the scientific database and curtail the dreadful impact of Crohn’s disease.

Epilepsy is a central nervous system (neurological) disorder characterized by a bizarre feelings, sensations, and behaviors. Muscle spasms, convulsions, and loss of consciousness occasionally from epileptic seizures. Neuronal dependent on neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. In this review, we discussed epilepsy and its therapies, placing particular emphasis on some medicinal plants and their mechanism of action. The majority of herbal remedies that are both tested for anticonvulsant activity and utilized in ethno medicine to treat epilepsy were reported. The findings demonstrate that active components extracted from medicinal plants can prevent and treat neuronal disorder.