The study sought to investigate the effects of Polya’s Problem-Solving Model (PPSM) on learning achievement and analyzing ability in mathematics of fourth grade students. The sample of 32 students out of three sections was selected purposively as the subject of the study. Pretest and posttest one-group experimental design, achievement test and time series record were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and t-test. The t-test analysis revealed a statistical significant difference between the mean scores of in favor of posttest (M=13.78; SD=3.02) than the pretest (M=6.66; SD=2.44) at p=.00, indicating the improvement in the mathematical academic achievement using PPSM. Moreover, the time series record also showed that there was significant progression in the performances of the students after the inclusion of the PPSM. Thus, this study recommends the implementation of PPSM as an alternative method of instruction in teaching and learning of mathematical problem solving.

This work used a Quasi-experimental experimental design to examine the effects of a flipped classroom model combined with reading comprehension strategies on students' comprehension of English text. It was carried out with 26 fourth-grade students from a primary school in central Bhutan. A pre-test and post-test for reading comprehension were conducted, and a series of observations were made during a one-on-one discussion with a teacher on the read text. The data were analyzed using the t-test and descriptive statistics, and the observations were analyzed using content analysis. The analysis of pre-test and post-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of pre-tests (M = 3.04; SD = 2.26) and post-tests (M = 5.19; SD = 1.44) at p<.05, indicating the improvement in students' reading comprehension. It is also evident from the comparative analysis of the content derived from the observations on the pre-test and post-test that there was improvement in students' reading comprehension. This further supports the earlier finding, which emerged from the descriptive analysis. Based on the findings from this study, a few recommendations were proposed that might be of interest and use for other English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in similar contexts.